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Biology > B4 It's A Green World > Flashcards

B4 It's A Green World Flashcards

1
Q

Describe how to carry out sampling using pooters

A

Pooters are containers with a straw device, used to suck in small animals so that they can be identified and counted.

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2
Q

Describe how to carry out sampling using nets

A

Nets are used to catch animals such as butterflies or fish, allowing you to count and record numbers of animals.

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3
Q

Describe how to carry out sampling using pitfall traps

A

Pitfall traps are small containers buried in the ground which collect small animals, allowing you to sample the animals in the area.

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4
Q

Describe how to carry out sampling using Quadrats

A

Quadrats are square frames of a standard area. They are put on the ground to define an area. The numbers of organisms of particular species in the frame can then be counted.

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5
Q

Describe a method to show the variety of plants and animals living in a small areas such as a 1m Quadrat

A

Not sure

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6
Q

Explain how the distribution of organisms can be affected

A

Presence of other living organisms

Physical factors

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7
Q

Define biodiversity

A

Variety of different species living in a habitat

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8
Q

Give examples of natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems

A

Native woodlands and lakes - natural

Forestry plantations and fish farms - artificial

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9
Q

Formula for population size (capture-recapture)

A

(Number in first sample + Number in second sample)/ number of marked in second sample

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10
Q

Explain the effect of sample size on the accuracy of an estimate of population size

A

These methods only provide estimates of the population, because it allows us to sample areas in the habitat, not the entire habitat. The greater the sample size the greater the accuracy of the estimate of the population

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11
Q

Explain the assumptions made when using capture-recapture data

A
  • no death, immigration or emigration
  • identical sampling methods are used
  • marking doesn’t affect their survival rate
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12
Q

Explain the difference between ecosystem and habitat

A

A habitat is where many plants and animals live.

An ecosystem includes all the living things in the area (community), and how they interact with the physical conditions around them

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13
Q

Explain the difference between community and population

A

Number of organisms of a particular species in an area is called population

A community is all the living things in an area

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14
Q

Describe how to map the distribution of organisms in a habitat using a transact line

A

You can count the organisms that touch the tape, such as plants on the ground, to study their distribution.

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15
Q

Explain what it means for an ecosystem to be described as self supporting in all aspects other than an energy source

A

An ecosystem is self-sufficient, which means that it needs nothing supplied to it, except energy from the Sun

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16
Q

Describe zonation

A

Gradual change in the distribution of species across a habitat

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17
Q

Explain how a gradual change of an abiotic factor can result in the zonation of organisms in a habitat

A

Abiotic factors include water, sunlight, oxygen, soil and temperature.

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18
Q

Compare the biodiversity of a natural and artificial ecosystem

A

A natural ecosystem will have a greater biodiversity as they will be a greater range of organisms

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19
Q

Explain the reasons for the differences in biodiversity in natural and artificial ecosystems

A

Humans control what organisms live in an artificial ecosystem and remove unwanted species

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20
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Water + Carbon dioxide—–> Glucose + Oxygen

Oxygen is the water product

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21
Q

Glucose made in photosynthesis is transported as soluble sugars but is stored as insoluble sugars

A

-

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22
Q

Glucose and starch can be converted to other substances in plants to be used for energy, growth and storage products

A

-

23
Q

Explain why plants grow faster in the summer

A

More light

More warmth

24
Q

Plants carry out respiration as well as photosynthesis

A

-

25
Q

Describe the development of the understanding of the process of photosynthesis

A
  • the view of Greek scientists was that plants gained mass only by taking minerals from the soil
  • Van Helmont’s experimental conclusion that plant growth cannot be solely due to nutrients from the soil
  • Priestly’s experiment showed that plants produce oxygen
26
Q

Explain how experiments using isotopes have increased our knowledge about photosynthesis

A

Oxygen is produced by photosynthesis comes from water and not carbon dioxide

27
Q

Describe the two stages of photosynthesis

A
  • light energy is used to split water, releasing oxygen gas and hydrogen ions
  • carbon dioxide gas combines with the hydrogen to make glucose
28
Q

Describe the conversion of glucose and starch to other substances in plants and their use

A

Glucose for energy (respiration)
Cellulose for cell walls
Proteins for growth and repair
Starch, fats and oils for storage

29
Q

Explain why insoluble substances such as starch are used for storage

A
  • does not move away in solution from storage areas

- does not affect water concentration within cells

30
Q

Describe how photosynthesis can be increased by providing:

A
  • more carbon dioxide
  • more light
  • higher temperature
31
Q

Explain the effects of limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide - often the factor in shortest supply, limiting factor of photosynthesis

NOT SURE ASK

32
Q

Explain why plants carry out respiration at all times

A

They respire at all times because respiration releases energy required by the plant to grow and survive

33
Q

Explain why plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen during the day and do the reverse at night

A

Plants photosynthesise at a faster rate than they respire, taking in more carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and releasing the extra oxygen produced.

Plants respire but do not photosynthesise. Oxygen is taken into the leaf and waste carbon dioxide is released.

34
Q

Chlorophyll pigments in chlorophyll absorb light energy for photosynthesis

A

-

35
Q

Entry points of materials required for photosynthesis

A

Water enters through the root hairs

Carbon dioxide through stomata

36
Q

Exit point of materials produced in photosynthesis

A

Oxygen through stomata

37
Q

Broader the leaf, means more sunlight is absorbed

A

Name an

38
Q

How are leaves adapted for efficient photosynthesis

A

Broad so large surface area
Thin so short distance for gases to diffuse
Contain chlorophyll and other pigments to absorb light from different parts of the spectrum
Have a network of vascular bundles for support and transport
Guard cells which open and close the stomata

39
Q

Explain how the cellular structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient photosynthesis

A

Epidermis is transparent
Palisade Layer at the top contains the most number of chloroplasts
Air spaces in the spongy mesophyll allow diffusion between stomata and photosynthesising cells
Internal surface area to Volume ratio is very large

40
Q

Carotenoids include carotene and xanthophyll, chlorophyll a and b allow the plant to absorb a greater range of light with different wavelengths

A

-

41
Q

Substances move in and out of cells by diffusion through the cell membrane

A

-

42
Q

Describe diffusion

A

Movement of substance from a region high concentration to low concentration

43
Q

Water moves in and out of plant cells by osmosis through the cell membrane

A

-

44
Q

Plant cell wall provides support to the plant and lack of water can cause the plant to wilt

A

-

45
Q

Explain how carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse in and out of plants through the leaves

A

To get into a cell, particles pass through the cell membrane. The membrane will only allow small molecules through. This is fine for oxygen and carbon dioxide as they are both small molecules. The process of diffusion does not use energy, because the molecules move spontaneously from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.

46
Q

Water moves in and out of cells through the cell membrane

A

-

47
Q

Explain the net movement of particles by diffusion from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration as a consequence of the random movement of particles

A

NOT SURE

48
Q

Describe how molecules enter and leave cells by diffusion

A

Through the cell membrane

49
Q

Explain how the rate of diffusion can be increased

A

A shorter distance
Larger surface area
Greater concentration gradient

50
Q

Describe the term osmosis

A

Movement of water across a partially-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

It is a type of diffusion

51
Q

Describe the term partially permeable

A

A membrane that will allow some molecules through and not others

52
Q

Explain how plants are supported by the turgor pressure within cells

A

Water pressure acting against inelastic cell wall

53
Q

Explain wilting

A

Lack of turgor pressure

54
Q

What is plasmolysed cell

A

When the cell contents collapse away from the cell wall

Biology (6 decks)

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