B4 blood, heart, breathing and plant transport Flashcards
blood plasma
a yellow liquid, which transports dissolved substances around the body
e.g. carbon dioxide (waste), urea (waste), glucose, antibodies etc.
How is oxygen carried around the body
Oxygen binds to haemoglobin (on red blood cells) forming
oxyhaemoglobin which is carried to all cells for respiration.
Function of white blood cells
To fight disease.
There are two types of white blood cells.
i) Phagocytes – engulf pathogens and digest them
ii) Lymphocytes – produce antibodies which attach the pathogen and destroy it.
Treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Drugs- statins
Mechanical devices- artificial pacemaker, stents, artificial valves
Heart transplant
the adaptations of the alveoli in the lungs for efficient gas exchange
Structure: alveoli have a very large surface area
Function: this provides maximum diffusion of gases
Structure: each alveolus is surrounded by a network of capillaries near the surface
Function: to maintain a steep concentration gradient, this means a faster rate of diffusion.
Structure: the alveoli have thin moist walls
Function: this provides a short (& quicker) diffusion pathway for gases
transpiration
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour (by evaporation) from the surface of the leaf.
Light intensity
Transpiration increases in bright light
Temperature
Transpiration is faster in higher temperature because the molecules have more energy
Air movement
Transpiration is faster in windy conditions
Humidity
Transpiration is slower in humid conditions
translocation
the movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves (where they are made) to the rest of the plant.
Phloem
Specialised transport tissue that carries the foodmmade by photosynthesis around the plant
stomata
They are tiny pores on the surfaces of leaves, which can open or close.
Xylem
a plant tissue which transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves.
Red blood cells
Pick up,oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to cells
