B4 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES Flashcards
What elements are found in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are starch and glycogen broken down into?
Maltose and then glucose
What is the function of carbohydrates in the body?
Energy release (respiration), stored as glycogen in liver/muscles, excess stored as fat
Name three food sources of carbohydrates
Potato, Rice, Pasta (also Honey, Sugar)
What elements are found in lipids (fats)?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What do fats break down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are two functions of lipids?
Insulation and long-term energy storage
Name three food sources of lipids.
Butter, Red meat, Cheese (also Vegetable oil, Egg yolks)
What elements are found in proteins?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What do proteins break down into?
Polypeptides, then amino acids
What are the functions of proteins?
Growth, tissue repair, making enzymes
Name three food sources of proteins.
Meat, Milk, Cheese (also Lentils, Nuts, Fish)
What is the test for starch?
Iodine solution test
What color does iodine turn if starch is present?
Black
What is the Biuret test used for?
Detecting proteins
What color change indicates a positive Biuret test?
Blue → Purple
What is the ethanol emulsion test used for?
Detecting lipids (fats)
What is a positive result for the ethanol test?
Cloudy white
What is Benedict’s test used for?
Detecting reducing sugars
What are the possible positive color results for Benedict’s test?
Green (Trace), Yellow (Low), Orange (Moderate), Brick Red (High)
