B2 Cells Flashcards
What does the cell theory state?
All organisms are composed of one or more cells
The cell is the basic organisational unit of life
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
This is a fundamental concept in biology that describes the properties of cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Partially permeable
Controls which substances can enter and leave the cell
The cell membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis within the cell.
What is contained within the nucleus of a cell?
Genetic material
Controls all cell activity
The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
Gel-like substance inside the cell which contains the organelles
Site of chemical reactions
It plays a vital role in cellular processes.
What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?
Keeps cell turgid to support plant
Contains/stores salts and sugars
The vacuole is essential for maintaining plant cell structure.
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy
Makes glucose sugar in photosynthesis
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are key to converting solar energy into chemical energy.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Carries out aerobic respiration
Releases energy
Mitochondria are often called the powerhouse of the cell.
How do plant and animal cells differ in terms of cell wall?
Plant cells have a cell wall
Animal cells do not have a cell wall
The cell wall provides structural support and protection in plant cells.
What is the main food storage form in plant cells?
Starch grains
Starch is a polysaccharide that serves as an energy reserve.
What is the main food storage form in animal cells?
Glycogen granules
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals.
What is the structure of a bacterial cell?
Circular DNA
Plasmid
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Bacterial cells lack a nucleus and have a simpler structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
What is the function of ciliated cells?
Movement of mucus in the Trachea and Bronchi
Cilia help to clear mucus and trapped particles from the respiratory tract.
What adaptations do red blood cells have for their function?
Biconcave disc shape for increased surface area
Contains hemoglobin for oxygen transport
No nucleus to maximize space for hemoglobin
These adaptations enhance the efficiency of oxygen transport in the blood.
Fill in the blank: The basic functional and structural unit in a living organism is called a _______.
[Cell]
What is a tissue?
A group of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function
Tissues are the building blocks of organs.
What is an organ?
Made from different tissues working together to perform specific functions
Organs are composed of at least two different types of tissues.
What is an organ system?
Groups of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions
Organ systems work collaboratively to maintain homeostasis and perform complex functions.
What is the magnification formula?
Magnification = Image size / Real size
This formula is essential for calculating the size of specimens observed under a microscope.
What units are used for measuring size in biology?
Metres (m)
Centimetres (cm)
Millimetres (mm)
Micrometres (μm)
Nanometres (nm)
Different units are used based on the size of the specimens being measured.
