B4 - Bioenergetics Flashcards
What are the four uses of glucose in plants?
- Respiration
- Strengthening cell walls
- Protein synthesis
- Energy storage
What factors increase the rate of photosynthesis if increased themselves?
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- CO2 concentration
- Amount of chlorophyll
What can any of these factors become? And what is it?
Limiting factor
Thing that stops photosynthesis happening any faster.
How can you control limiting factors? What’s it’s disadvantage?
In a greenhouse to maximise the rate of photosynthesis, but it costs money.
What is the energy transferred in respiration used for in living cells?
- To contract muscles for movement
- To keep warm (in mammals and birds)
- To build up larger molecules from smaller ones.
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic - using oxygen
Anaerobic - without oxygen
Why does anaerobic respiration use less energy?
Because glucose isn’t fully oxidised
When is anaerobic respiration used?
In muscle cells - turn glucose into lactic acid
In plant and yeast cells - turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What is anaerobic respirating called in yeast cells? What is the process used for?
Fermentation
Used to make bread and alcoholic drinks.
What are the three effects of exercise on the body?
More energy needed
So more respiration needed
So more oxygen needed
What three things increase to get more oxygen to your muscles when exercising?
- Heart rate
- Breathing rate
- Breath volume
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen needed to react with built - up lactic acid and remove it from cells.
What 4 steps happen when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles when doing vigorous exercise?
- Anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles
- Lactic acid builds up in muscles
- Oxygen debt
- Heart rate and breathing rate stay high after exercise to repay oxygen debt
How does the liver help deal with lactic acid?
The blood goes to the muscle and the blood with lactic acid does to the liver where the lactic acid is converted to glucose.
