B4 Flashcards
What is zonation?
It is the gradual change in species distributed across a habitat.
What can the distribution of organisms be mapped using?
A transect line and displayed using a kite diagram
Capture-recapture data assumes what?
🐸no deaths, immigration,
/emigration
🐸identical sampling methods
🐸survival rates not affected by marking organisms
What are limiting factors in photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide, light and temperature
_________ experiments showed that oxygen comes from water.
i Isotope
How are leaves adapted for efficient photosynthesis?
🍃large surface area 🍃thin 🍃contain pigments: xanthophyll, carotene and chlorophyll 🍃vascular bundles 🍃guard cells 🍃waxy cuticle reduces water loss
What are the two stages in photosynthesis?
🌞light energy splits water into oxygen gas and hydrogen ions
🌞carbon dioxide gas combines with hydrogen to make glucose and water
What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Define diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.
How is the rate of diffusion increased?
By a shorter distance, a greater concentration and a greater surface area.
Define transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation and diffusion of water from leaves.
How is the rate of transpiration increased?
By increased light intensity, temperature (increases enzyme action), air movement and decrease in humidity.
Define osmosis
Osmosis is the net movement of water from a high to a low water concentration across a partially-permeable membrane.
How are minerals absorbed?
Active transport which needs energy
What do detritivores feed on?
They feed on dead and decaying material
Hello ?
Is it me you’re looking for .. 🌚
________________ use extracellular digestion.
i Saprophytic fungi
What improves the efficiency of energy transfer?
Intensive food production
What are the advantages and disadvantages of hydroponics?
Adv: better control of minerals and water
Dis: lack of support
What are the advantages and disadvantages of biological control?
Adv: no chemical pesticides
Dis: introduced predator may become pest
Organic farming uses what?
🌾manure
🌾crop rotation
🌾weeding
🌾differing planting times
Plants require __________ for cell growth, _____________ for respiration and growth, and ____________ for photosynthesis.
i nitrates
ii phosphates
iii potassium
iiii magnesium
What does a large variety of plants and animals in a natural ecosystem mean?
good biodiversity
What is poor biodiversity?
Artificial ecosystems
What can simple sugars such as glucose be used in?
🌀respiration, releasing energy
🌀converted into cellulose to make cell walls
🌀converted into proteins for growth and repair
🌀converted into starch, fats and oils for storage
How are the ‘cells’ in the leaves adapted for efficient photosynthesis?
- the outer epidermis lacks chloroplast and so is transparent; no barriers to the entry of light
- upper palisade cell contains most of the leafs chloroplast as that part of the leaf will receive most of the light
- the spongy mesophyll cells are loosely spaced so diffusion can take place
What is turgor pressure?
It supports the cell stopping it from collapsing.
What is meant by the term ‘plasmolysed’?
When the cell loses water and the cells contents shrink and the cell is ‘flaccid’.
What is meant by the term ‘turgid’?
A plant cell full of water.
What is meant by the term ‘lysis’?
When too much water enters an animal cell it swells up and bursts.
What is meant by therm ‘crenation’?
When too much water leaves an animal cell and it shrinks.
What do xylem cells carry?
Water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and are involved in transpiration.
What do phloem cells carry?
Food substances such as sugars up and down stems to growing and storage tissues and are involved in translocation.
Keep that focus..
Control your mantras dude ✌️👳
Lack of nitrate causes: _______________________________
Lack of phosphates causes: _______________________________
Lack of potassium causes: _______________________________
Lack of magnesium causes: _______________________________
i poor growth and yellow leaves.
ii poor root growth and discoloured leaves.
iii poor flower and root growth and discoloured leaves.
iiii yellow leaves.
What does mineral uptake involve?
Active transport
What can Capture-re capture data can be used to calculate?
Population size estimates.
