B4 Flashcards
Is photosyntheses exothermic or endothermic?
Endothermic
What are the uses of glucose?
Used in respiration
Used to produce cellulose in the cell walls
Stored as starch (insoluble)
Used to produce amino acids which then help produce protein when combined with nitrates (from the soil)
What factors affect photosynthesis?
Concentration of carbon dioxide
Light intensity
Temperature
Amount of chlorophyll
What is the word and balanced equation for photosynthesis?
Water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen
6H2O + 6CO2 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What happens if you increase the rate of a limiting factor?
The rate of photosynthesis increases
Name one way to control limiting factors of photosynthesis
It can be controlled using greenhouses
How can limiting factors help farming industries?
It can help improve crop yielding and make farming more efficient
Can limiting factors benefit one another?
Factors can interact- e.g higher light intensity can result in a higher temperature
What law does light intensity follow?
The inverse square law
Light intensity is inversely proportional to 1/ distance squared
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
Glucose —> lactic acid
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water
How does anaerobic respiration produce more energy?
There is increased blood flow, meaning there is more oxygen which makes more glucose so more respiration occurs meaning there is more energy
What is aerobic respiration?
It’s a form of respiration that uses oxygen to release energy from molecules like glucose
What is anaerobic respiration?
A form of respiration that releases energy from molecules like glucose without using oxygen to release
Is respiration exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic
What is cellular respiration?
An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
What is cellular respiration?
An exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells
How is energy used from respiration in humans?
Movement
Maintaining temperature
Muscle contraction
Keeping warm
Growth
Protein synthesis
Transport of some substances into cells
How is energy used from respiration in humans?
Movement
Maintaining temperature
Muscle contraction
Keeping warm
Growth
Protein synthesis
Transport of some substances into cells
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
What is a limiting factor?
A factor that limits the rate of reaction when there isn’t enough of it
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
Why is lactic acid bad for the body?
Because it’s toxic/ acidic and can cause cramps and fatigue
What is the definition of photosynthesis?
An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred from the environment to the chloroplasts by light
What is the function of respiration?
Movement, maintaining temperature and anabolic reactions, used for excersise
What is anabolic reactions and what are three types of it- what do they make?
Anabolic reactions are the joining of smaller molecules to form larger molecules
Synthesis using glucose- makes cellulose, starch and glycerol
Synthesis of lipids- makes 3 fatty acids and glycerol
Synthesis of amino acids- makes proteins but REQUIRES glucose and nitrates
What is a catabolic reaction and what is done with the excess proteins it creates?
Catabolic- larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
The excess proteins are broken down into urea in the liver- the LACTIC ACID IS CONVERTED TO GLUCOSE
What happens during exercise?
There’s a higher demand for energy- oxygenated blood is supplied at a higher rate to the muscles
There will be a higher heart rate, breath volume and breathing rate
Can lead to insufficient oxygen (oxygen debt)
What are the products used for in plant’s anaerobic respiration?
Fermentation
Used in making bread and alcoholic drinks (produces ethanol and carbon dioxide)
