B3.3 spec - blood sugar and temp Flashcards
explain the importance of maintaining a constant temperature in response to internal and external change`
as body works best at a specific temperature
- so a small temperature change can stop metabolic reactions from happening at appropriate rates
how does exposure to cold affect the body? (4)
- reduces core temperature
- enzyme reactions occur too slowly
- respiration does not occur at the required rate
- cells may begin to die
how does exposure to high temperatures affect the body? (4)
- increase core temperatures
- energy transfer is too much
- enzymes may denature
- so reactions cannot occur
- may die?
what function does the skin have in monitoring body temperature?
- receptor cells on skin monitor external temperatures
- (sends signal to brain)
what body system monitors and controls your internal body temperature?
(and which area specifically)
thermoregulatory center
- hypothalamus region in brain
what measures the temperature of blood?
internal receptor cells
what 3 things happen to the skin when you get too hot (in order to return to homeostasis)?
- and explain why that makes a difference
- body hairs lie flat (prevents insulating layer of air)
- sweat glands produce sweat (water in sweat evaporates, energy transferred from body to environment)
- vasodilation (capillaries widen, blood flow increases = heat loss increase through radiation)
what 4 things happen to the skin when you get too cold (in order to maintain homeostasis)?
- and explain why that makes a difference
- body hairs stand up (allows insulating layer of air)
- shivering (muscles contract and relax quickly = more respiration = more energy transfer through heating)
- vasoconstriction (capillaries near surface of skin narrow = less blood flow = less heat loss)
- sweat glands stop producing sweat
define homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant internal environment
why is it important to have good blood sugar levels in the body?
- glucose needed by cells for respiration
what can long periods of high blood sugar levels affect?
- body systems
- nerves
- blood vessels
what would be the effect of low blood sugar levels?
- stops cells from respiring effectively
explain what happens when blood sugar levels are too high
2 effects of hormone
1) high blood sugar level detected by pancreas
2) pancreas releases insulin
3) insulin binds to target organs
4) liver converts glucose to glycogen
5) glycogen is stored in liver
6) or glucose moves into muscle cell for respiration
7) blood sugar levels fall
which 2 organ controls blood sugar levels?
liver and pancreas
when would glucagon be produced?
when blood sugar levels are too low
ie. during exercise
explain what happens when blood sugar levels are too low
1) low blood sugar levels detected by pancreas
2) pancreas releases hormone - glucagon
3) glucagon binds to liver cells
4) causes glycogen to be broken down to glucose
5) glucose released into bloodstream
6) increase blood sugar levels
difference between causes of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
type 1 - cannot produce insulin (immune system may
have destroyed pancreatic cells)
- usually begins in childhood
type 2 - can produce insulin/ but may not produce
enough
- cells are no longer receptive/ are resistant to
insulin
- usually occurs later in life
- has been linked to obesity
how is type 1 diabetes controlled?
- regular injections of insulin
- balanced diet + regularly exercise
how is type 2 diabetes controlled?
- regulating carb intake (diet)
- regular exercise
