B3.028 Prework Infectious Disease and Public Health Flashcards
infectious disease risks
poverty poor sanitation population growth poor access to essential drugs drug resistance lack of political will
necessities in prevention and control of ID
outbreak investigation intervention dissemination of information research surveillance
what is surveillance?
ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to public health practice
timely dissemination of the data to those who need to know
passive surveillance
relies upon existing info from labs or health care providers
timely, inexpensive
incomplete, inaccurate
active surveillance
system in which those responsible for collecting information go into the community to obtain it
interviews, exams, testing
complete, accurate
takes longer, expensive
hierarchy of case based reporting
diagnosing provider or lab
local health dept.
state health dept.
federal public health agency: CDC, FDA, department of agriculture
reproductive number R0
measure for the potential for transmission
mean # of individuals directly infected by an infection case
R0 = pcd
p= probability of transmission per contact
c = contacts per unit time
d= duration of infectiousness
R0 values
<1 will disappear
=1 will be endemic
>1 will be epidemic
measles R0
12-18
HIV R0
2-5
attack rate
cumulative incidence of infection in a group of people observed over a period of time during an epidemic # of people exposed who became ill / # of people exposed measured from beginning to end of outbreak
ways to prevent IDs
safe water sewage treatment food safety animal control vaccination education and media campaigns government policies, regulations, laws
government initiatives in ID prevention
points of intervention -communities -work places -schools general health promotion quarantine
