Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 5 Biology > B3 Urinary System > Flashcards

B3 Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the urinary system consist of?

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the blood vessels attached to the kidneys.

A

Renal artery and renal vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the two main functions of the kidney.

A

Excretion and osmoregulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define excretion

A

The removal of potentially toxic metabolic waste made in the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define osmoregulation.

A

The homeostatic control of body water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name part 1

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name part 2

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name part 3

A

(Left) kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name part 4

A

The bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name part 5

A

The urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name part 6

A

Vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name part 7

A

The renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name part 8

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name part 1

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name part 2

A

Renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name part 3

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name part 4

A

Renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name part 5

A

Renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name part 6

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the renal vein?

A

It carries blood FROM the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Carries urine out of the bladder.

22
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

Stores urine.

23
Q

What is the function of the ureter?

A

Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

24
Q

What is the function of the renal artery?

A

Carries blood TO the kidney

25
Q

What is a nephron?

A

A microscopic filtration unit found in the kidney

26
Q

Name part X

A

Renal artery

27
Q

Name part D

A

Glomerulus

28
Q

Name part E

A

Bowman’s capsule

29
Q

Name part C

A

Distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

Name part A

A

Collecting duct

31
Q

Name part F

A

Loop of Henle

32
Q

Name part B

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

33
Q

Name part Y

A

Renal vein

34
Q

What leaves the blood during ultrafiltration?

A

Small molecules, eg glucose, ions (sodium and chloride), water, urea, amino acids.

35
Q

Which is wider - the efferent or afferent arteriole?

A

The afferent arteriole is wider.

36
Q

What is selectively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

All of the glucose and amino acids. Most of the water and salt (sodium and chloride ions)

37
Q

What is the function of the Loop of Henle?

A

To create a high concentration of salts in the tissue fluid of the medulla.

38
Q

What is the ascending Loop of Henle permeable to?

A

Sodium ions, chloride ions (NOT water)

39
Q

What is the descending Loop of Henle permeable to?

A

Water (NOT sodium ions or chloride ions)

40
Q

What are the main roles of the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Control blood pH by adding or removing hydrogen ions. Make final adjustments to the water and salts that are reabsorbed.

41
Q

Which gland releases ADH?

A

The pituitary gland.

42
Q

When is ADH released?

A

When the water content of the blood is too low.

43
Q

Describe the effect of ADH.

A

ADH makes the cells of the collecting ducts develop AQUAPORINS. This makes the collecting duct permeable to water. As the filtrate passes down the collecting duct most of the water is reabsorbed back into the blood by osmosis. This is because of the high concentration of solutes (ions/salt) in the medulla.

44
Q

What does renin do?

A

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

45
Q

Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

46
Q

When would the kidney release renin?

A

When the blood pressure drops.

47
Q

What does the hormone aldosterone do?

A

Causes more sodium ions to be reabsorbed into the blood (so more water enters the blood, and blood pressure rises)

48
Q

Why might someone need dialysis?

A

Their nephrons are not working so they need to remove potentially toxic waste products from their body.

49
Q

What moves into the dialysis fluid, and why?

A

Urea, because there is no urea in the dialysis fluid. This means there is a higher concentration of urea in the blood than in the fluid so the urea diffuses out of the blood.

50
Q

What type of medication would someone have to take if they have had a kidney transplant?

A

Immunosuppressant drugs

Unit 5 Biology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions