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Biology > B3 Tissue > Flashcards

B3 Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

How many types of tissues are there and what are they called?

A

3
Squamous epithelial tissue
Ciliated columnar tissue
Endothelial tissue

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2
Q

Where is the squamous tissue located?

A

Lines the orange and surfaces including alveoli

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3
Q

State the functions of the squamous tissues

A

Only one cell thick
Form thin, smooth flat layers
Idea for rapid diffusion

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4
Q

What can damaged squamous tissue lead to?

A

Can lead to emphysema

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5
Q

How is emphysema caused ??

A

It is caused by smoking and this can lead to irritation and damage to the epithelial tissue of the lungs.
This leads to inflammation and scarring

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6
Q

If damage is caused to the air sacs what happens?

A

The lungs will lose their elasticity and the destruction of this prevent the alveoli to recoil causing a difficulty to exhale

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of emphysema

A

Breathlessness
Persistent coughing
Phlegm

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8
Q

Where is the columnar epithelial tissue located and describe what it contains?

A

The line of the trachea bronchus/bronchi
Contains goblet cells which secrete mucus
Columnar shaped ciliated cells present produce rapid wave like motions

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9
Q

What are the functions of columnar epithelial tissue

A

Move mucus and any trapped foreign pathogens up and out of the respiratory system

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10
Q

What can damaged columnar tissue lead to?

A

Chronic bronchitis

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11
Q

How is chronic bronchitis formed and what does it cause?

A

It is formed due to the cilia which line the bronchial tube becoming damaged due to smoking
This causes inflammation of the airways
Bc if this harder to remove mucus? Which causes you to cough more which produces more mucus
Excess mucus can cause blockage making it harder to breathe

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12
Q

Where are the endothelial tissue located

A

Lining tissues
They cover the inner surfaces
Squamous endothelial tissues lines surfaces like arteries,veins, capillaries

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13
Q

What are the functions for endothelial tissues

A

Provides a short diffusion pathway for the movement of various substances:
- products of digestion into the blood capillaries
- blood plasma and tissue fluid in and out of the blood capillaries

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14
Q

In arteries and veins how does endothelial tissues help?

A

Allows blood to follow smoothly and reduces friction

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15
Q

What do endothelial tissues do if they become damaged in arteries/ veins

A

Produce substances which cause blood vessels to constrict and this regulates blood flow and pressure

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16
Q

In the capillaries what is the single layer of tissue?
And why

A

Single layer of endothelial
Allows for easy exchange of nutrients into the tissue and removal of waste products like carbon dioxide

17
Q

Describe atherosclerosis

A

A disorder that came begin very early on in life
The arteries harden due to a build up of lipids
Plaque can build up inside the artery
It is a progressive disorder so we it can either block the artery or increase the chances of it being blocked
If the plaque begins to get bigger it can narrow the blood vessels and prevent blood flow and if this occurs in the brain it can lead to a stroke

18
Q

How is atherosclerosis developed

A

The endothelial tissue becomes damaged
Usually occurs in the artery

19
Q

What are the risk factors that can increase a person chance of if developing atherosclerosis

A
  • high blood pressure
  • high levels of LDL’s
  • smoking
20
Q

Describe the inflammatory response

A

Damage to the artery wall causes chemicals such as cholesterol to become collected under the damaged endothelium forming fatty streaks.
This sends a signal to the immune system which triggers and inflammatory response
White blood cells gather together and try to breakdown the cholesterol deposits by engulfing LDL’s
This however leads to many white blood cells dying which creates foam cells and causes an further inflammatory response which eventually leads to platelets coming along and forming a clot

21
Q

How are plaques formed?

A

Fibrous tissue which is present in the arterial tissue wall swells up and hardens the plaque
Makes the lumen of the artery very narrow bc of reduced elasticity

22
Q

What does plaque in the arteries cause ?

A

Smooth muscle to become exposed

23
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissues

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

24
Q

What do muscle cells contain?

A

Protein filaments called actin and myosin

25
Q

Everything about skeletal ??

A

Found attached to the bones
You can control its contraction and relaxation
And sometimes contracts in response to a reflex

26
Q

Everything about cardiac

A

Muscle found near the heart
Contracts at a steady rate to make the heart beat and it is not under voluntary control

27
Q

Everything about smooth

A

Muscle found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach and bladder
IT is not under voluntary control

28
Q

How do muscle tissue move bones

A

By contracting

29
Q

What are myofibrils made out of

A

Proteins called myofillaments and they allow contraction to take place

30
Q

What are muscle fibres made out of?

A

Myofibrils

31
Q

How do myofibrils appear as

A

Different coloured bands
A-band which is darker
I-band which is lighter

32
Q

Slow twitch fibres use what type of respiration to generate energy in the form of ATP

A

they use oxygen in aerobic respiration

33
Q

Describe the structure of slow twitch fibres

A

Less sarcoplasmic reticulum
More mitochondria to a sustained contraction
More myoglobin (oxygen is stored there)
Dense capillary network
Release ATP slowing by aerobic respiration over long periods of time

34
Q

What are the two fast twitch fibres known as ??

A

Fast twitch oxidative muscles fibres
Fast twitch glycolytic fibres

35
Q

Describe fast twitch oxidative muscles

A

They contain many mitochondria, myoglobin and blood capillaries
They can hydrolyse ATP faster therefore contract more quicker
Relatively resistant to fatigue

36
Q

Describe fast twitch glycolytic fibres

A

Less myoglobin, fewer mitochondria and capillaries
Large concentration of glycogen
Undergo anaerobic respiration
Contract rapidly but fatigue quickly

Biology (2 decks)

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