B.3 Risk Factors. Primary and Secondary Prevention

Question 1

B.3 Risk Factors: Primary and Secondary Prevention
Primary Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD):

Answer 1

Major Non-Modifiable Factors:
- Age
- Gender
- Family history
Major Modifiable Factors:
- Smoking
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Dyslipidemia
Additional Risk Factors Include:
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Uric acid levels
- Hyperhomocysteinemia

Question 2

B.3 Risk Factors: Primary and Secondary Prevention
Risk Score Assessment

Answer 2

Considerations include:
* Age
* Gender
* Smoking status
* Systolic blood pressure (BP)
* Cholesterol levels
* 10-year risk estimation for cardiovascular events in high-risk populations.

Question 3

B.3 Risk Factors: Primary and Secondary Prevention
Primary Prevention Strategies:

Answer 3

Goal: To prevent coronary or cardiovascular diseases in individuals without the disease but at risk of developing it.

**Main Tactics: **Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to improve risk factor profiles.

Question 4

B.3 Risk Factors: Primary and Secondary Prevention
Secondary Prevention Strategies:

Answer 4

• Targeting individuals with known CVD:
• Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
• Prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) through medication and lifestyle changes.
• Utilizing established treatments to lower risk factors (e.g., ACE inhibitors, ARBs).