B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure Flashcards
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
LIfestyle Modification
- Salt Restriction: Less than 3 g/day in symptomatic patients.
- Fluid Restriction: For patients with edema and/or hyponatremia.
- Weight Loss and Exercise.
- Cessation of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption.
- Immunization: Pneumococcal vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
Patient education
- Self-Monitoring and Symptom Awareness
- Daily weight checks: A weight increase of over 2 kg within three days necessitates a consultation with a physician.
- Keep track of potential medication side effects.
- Travel Restrictions
- Carry the most recent medical records when traveling.
- Avoid traveling to areas with limited or inadequate healthcare facilities.
- Patients with acute heart failure should refrain from traveling.
Treatment of Underlying Conditions and Contributing Comorbidities
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
List al the Invasive Procedures
ICD
Cardiac Resynchronization therapy
Coronary Revascularization
Valvular Surgery
VAD
ECMO
Cardiac Transplantation
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
ICD
An implanted device that prevents sudden cardiac death (SCD) by delivering electrical impulses to restore normal heart rhythm.
Primary Prophylaxis Indications
- Patients with ischemic heart disease and EF ≤ 30%.
- Patients with heart failure classified as NYHA Class II-IV and EF ≤ 35%.
- Increased risk of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Secondary Prophylaxis Indications
- History of sudden cardiac arrest.
- Episodes of ventricular flutter or ventricular fibrillation.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (Biventricular Pacemaker)
A three-chamber cardiac pacemaker used to enhance cardiac function in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure.
Indications:
- Heart failure classified as NYHA Class II-IV with EF ≤ 35%.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy.
- Left bundle branch block (LBBB) with QRS duration > 150 ms.
Additional Information:
- Can be used in conjunction with an ICD.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
Coronary Revascularization
May be performed alongside PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) or bypass surgery if significant coronary artery disease (CAD) is present.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
Valvular Surgery
Indicated if valvular heart defects are present.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
VAD (Left, Right, Bi-Ventricular)
- Can be implanted to enhance ventricular function.
- May be utilized for temporary or long-term support (bridge-to-transplantation) in cases of decompensated CHF.
VAD stands for Ventricular Assist Device, which is a mechanical pump used to support heart function in individuals with advanced heart failure. Here’s what the terms mean:
- Left VAD (LVAD): Supports the left ventricle, which is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body. It’s commonly used in patients with left-sided heart failure.
- Right VAD (RVAD): Supports the right ventricle, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. It’s less commonly used but necessary in cases of right-sided heart failure.
- Bi-Ventricular VAD (BiVAD): Supports both the left and right ventricles. This is used in patients who have failure in both sides of the heart.
These devices can be used as a temporary measure while waiting for a heart transplant or as a long-term solution for those who are not candidates for transplantation.
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
ECMO:
Bridge Therapy
B.21 Non-Pharmacological TX Heart Failure
Cardiac Transplantation
- Suitable for patients with end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF) who are in NYHA class IV, have an ejection fraction (EF) of less than 20%, and lack other viable treatment options.
