B3: Organisation And The Digestive System Flashcards
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Units of sugar
Test for sugar?
Colour change?
Benedicts solution
Blue - brick red on heating.
What are complex carbs?
Examples?
Made up of long chains of simple sugar units bonded together.
Starch and cellulose.
What are simple sugars?
Examples?
They contain only one sugar unit.
Glucose.
What are lipids?
Fats (solid) and oils (liquids).
What are the most efficient energy store in the body?
Lipids.
Test for complex carbs?
(Starch test) yellow red iodine - blue/black
What are lipids made up of?
3 molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol.
Test for lipids?
Ethanol, gives a cloudy white layer.
What are proteins made of?
Long chains of amino acids, that are coiled and folded to make unique shapes.
What happened when a protein is denatured?
The bonds that hold proteins into break and the shape of the protein is lost.
Test for proteins?
Biuret regent turns from blue to purple.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts - they speed up a reaction, whilst remaining unchanged.
What do enzymes control in the body?
Metabolism.
What are enzymes? (Structure)
Proteins.
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
The substrate of the reaction fits into the active site and they join together.
THEY DECREASE THE ACTIVATION ENERGY REQUIRED FOR THE REACTION TO TAKE PLACE.
What is metabolism?
The sun of all the reactions in the body.