B3 - Organisation And The Digestive System

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of cells with similar structure and function working together.

Question 2

Epithelial tissue

Answer 2

Covers the outside of your body and your internal organs

Question 3

Organs

Answer 3

A collection of tissues. Each organ contains several tissues, all working together to perform a specific function.

Question 4

Organ system

Answer 4

A group of organs that all work together to perform specific functions. They work together to form organisms. The way in which one organ works often depends on other organs in the system.

Question 5

Proteins break down into

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

Carbohydrates will break down into

Answer 6

Simple sugars

Question 7

Lipids break down into

Answer 7

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Mouth

Answer 8

Grinds the food into smaller pieces. Salivary glands produce an enzyme called ‘amylase’ which breaks down starch into simple sugars.

Question 9

Oesophagus

Answer 9

Has muscles in its wall and it contracts as food passes through them, pushing them to the stomach

Question 10

Stomach

Answer 10

Food mixes with stomach acids so that protein digesting enzymes have the right pH to work efficiently. Also kills bacteria ingested in the food.

Question 11

Liver

Answer 11

Produces bile and is stored in the gall bladder. Bile travels along bile ducts and into small intestine. Bile breaks the fat in foods into droplets. Then it mixes with watery liquids.

Question 12

Gall bladder

Answer 12

Stores bile.

Question 13

Pancreas

Answer 13

Secretes hormones which controls glucose levels. Insulin is produced to convert excess glucose into glycogen to be stored in the liver.

Question 14

Small intestine

Answer 14

Made up of duodenum and ileum. Bile enters duodenum to break up fats into tiny droplets ready for lipases to break it down even further. Ileum breams down food even further and then molecules move through the wall of it and into the bloodstream.

Question 15

Large intestine

Answer 15

Made up of colon, appendix and rectum. Only indigestable material and water remains here. The colon absorbs into the blood and makes faeces. This is stored in the rectum qnd leaves through the anus.

Question 16

Protease

Answer 16

An enzyme which makes proteins into amino acids. Found in stomach and small intestine.

Question 17

Carbohydrase

Answer 17

An enzyme which makes carbohydrates to simple sugars like glucose. Found in mouth and small intestine.

Question 18

Amylase

Answer 18

A carbohydrase which breaks down starch. Found in mouth and small intestine.

Question 19

Lipase

Answer 19

An enzyme which converts lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids, found in stomach and small intestine.

Question 20

An enzyme is a

Answer 20

Biological catalyst. It speeds up reaction. It can reused infinite number of times.

Question 21

pH effect

Answer 21

There are forces between the different parts of the protein molecule. These forces hold the forces chains in place. A change on pH affects these forces. That’s why it changes the shape of the molecule

Question 22

What is the lock and key theory

Answer 22

Substrate goes into active site (active site has a specific shape for specific substrates to be broken down). Active site (enzyme) can be used again and the substrate splits into two products and leave active site.

Question 23

Lipid + bile salts

Answer 23

Bile salts emulsify fats by reducing attractive forces between the fat molecules. Physically breaks up the fat molecules.

Question 24

Factors affecting enzyme activity

Answer 24

Temperature: increases movement in enzymes, increases kinetic energy, increase in rate of enzyme action. If too hot, the enzyme can become denatured. No longer acts as a catalyst and rate of reaction drops dramatically.