B3 - Organisation and the Digestive System Flashcards
What is a tissue?
-A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function.
What is an organ?
-Organs are collections of tissues performing specific functions.
What are organ systems?
-Organ systems are groups of organs that work together to form organisms
What does the mouth do?
-Begins the digestion of carbohydrates
What does the stomach do?
- Begins the digestion of proteins
- Small molecules such as alcohol absorbed
What does the small intestine (Duodenum) do?
- Continues digestion of proteins and carbohydrates
- Begins the digestion of lipids
What does the large intestine (ileum) do?
- Completes the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins into single sugars and amino acids
- Absorption of simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol
What does the large intestine do?
- Absorption of water
- Egestion of undigested food
What does the liver do?
-Produces bile
What do carbohydrates turn into after digestion?
-Glucose
What do proteins turn into after digestion?
-Amino acids
What do lipids turn into after digestion?
-Fatty acids
What food test do you do on sugars?
-Benedict’s test
What colour will the Benedict’s test go if sugar is present?
-Brick red
What factor must happen for the Benedict’s test to work?
-Heat must be applied
What food test do you do on starch?
-Iodine solution test
What colour with iodine solution go if starch is present?
-Blue/black
What food test do you do on lipids?
-Emulsion test,
What colour will the test go if lipids are present?
-Cloudy white
What do you have to do for the emulsion test to react?
-Shake after adding the ethanol and water
What food test do you do on proteins?
-Biuret test
What colour will the test go if protein is present?
-Purple
What are enzymes?
-Biological catalysts made of proteins
What substrate breaks down carbohydrates?
-Carbohydrase
What substrate breaks down proteins?
-Protease
What substrate breaks down lipids?
-Lipase
What substrate breaks down starch?
-Amylase
What factors affect enzyme activity?
- Temperature
- Surface area
- Concentration
What happens to enzymes if the go above a certain temperature?
-They denature
