B1 - Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

How long is the average animal cell?

Answer 1

-10-30 micrometres

Question 2

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 2

• Controls all activities of the cell​

- Contains DNA packed into chromosomes​

Question 3

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 3

• Liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended​

- Most chemical reactions happen here​

Question 4

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 4

-Controls what substances go in and out the cell​

Question 5

What do the ribosome do?

Answer 5

-Protein synthesis

Question 6

What do the mitochondrion do?

Answer 6

• Aerobic respiration,

- Produces energy​. 1-2 μm in diameter and 0.2-0.7 μm in length.

Question 7

What organelles does the animal cell include?

Answer 7

• Cell membrane,
• Ribosomes,
• Mitochondria,
• Cytoplasm,
• Nucleus

Question 8

How long is the average plant cell?

Answer 8

-10 to 100 micrometres

Question 9

What do the chloroplasts do?

Answer 9

• Filled with chlorophyll​

- Plants make their food here

Question 10

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 10

• Made of cellulose​

- Strengthens the cell

Question 11

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 11

• Filled with cell sap​

- Supports cell

Question 12

What organelles does the plant cell include?

Answer 12

• Cell membrane,
• Ribosomes,
• Mitochondria,
• Cytoplasm,
• Nucleus,
• Vacuole,
• Cell wall,
• Chloroplasts

Question 13

What are algae?

Answer 13

-Algae are simple aquatic organisms that make their own food by synthesis

Question 14

What makes a sperm cell specialised?

Answer 14

• Long tail,
• Lots of mitochondria,
• Has a digesting enzyme that breaks down the outer layer of the egg called an acrosome,
• Large nucleus

Question 15

What makes a nerve cell specialised?

Answer 15

• Dendrites to connect to other nerve cells,
• Axon carries nerve impulse,
• Synapse full of mitochondria to make neurotransmitters

Question 16

What makes a muscle cell specialised?

Answer 16

• Special proteins to make fibres contract,
• Lots of mitochondria,
• Stores glycogen

Question 17

What makes a root hair cell specialised?

Answer 17

• Increased surface area to collect water and minerals more quickly,
• Large permanent vacuole to speed up movement with osmosis,
• Many mitochondria

Question 18

What makes a palisade cell specialised?

Answer 18

• Lots of chloroplasts to synthesise,

- Large permanent vacuole to keep rigid structure

Question 19

What makes a xylem cell specialised?

Answer 19

• Carry water and minerals from root to leaves,
• Dead cells form long tubes,
• Lignin spirals support plant to withstand water pressure and strengthen the stem

Question 20

What makes a phloem cell specialised?

Answer 20

• Transport food,
• Sieve plates - cell wall between cells break down,
• Internal cell structure is mainly lost,
• Companion cells keep phloem cells alive

Question 21

What is diffusion?

Answer 21

-Diffusion is when particles move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

Question 22

What factors affect diffusion?

Answer 22

• Concentration gradient,
• Temperature
• Large surface area
• Thin membrane

Question 23

What is active transport?

Answer 23

-Active transport is when particles move from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

Question 24

What is osmosis?

Answer 24

-Movement of water through a partially permeable membrane

Question 25

What is the magnification equation?

Answer 25

-Size of image/Size of real object

Question 26

What is a isotonic cell in osmosis?

Answer 26

-Same concentration inside and outside of the cell

Question 27

What is a hypotonic cell in osmosis?

Answer 27

-Concentration is lower outside, water moves into the cell

Question 28

What is a hypertonic cell in osmosis?

Answer 28

-Concentration is higher outside, water move out of the cell