B3 Organisation And Digestion Flashcards
Name 2 organ systems
- Circulatory system
- Digestive system
- Nervous system
- Reproductive system
What does a group of cells make up?
Tissues
What do tissues make up working together?
Organs
What do organs make up?
Organ systems
E.G. Digestive system
What does the digestive system do?
Digestion is the process where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to be absorbed into the blood
What is the mouths function?
The first part of digestion occurs in the mouth. The teeth rip, chew and grind the food into smaller pieces. At the same time the salivary glands will produce a liquid known as saliva. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which helps convert starch into maltose.
What is the livers function?
Bile is produced in the liver, the role of bile is to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats.
What is the pancreases function?
Produces protease, lipase and amylase. These are all enzymes that are released into the small intestines to help digest the food.
What is the oesophagus’s function?
It enters oesophagus The oesophagus links the throat with the stomach. The oesophagus is surrounded by a ring of muscle that can contract and relax at different times to push the food slowly towards the stomach. This relaxing and contracting of the muscles is known as peristalsis.
What is the large intestines function?
The large intestines contain undigested food, for example fibre. Excess water is absorbed from the food.
What is the rectum’s function?
This is where the faeses are stored before they are passed out of the anus.
What is the small intestines function?
The small intestines produce protease, amylase and lipase to complete digestion. The food has, by now, been broken down into small chemicals and is ready to be absorbed out of the digestive system and into the blood.
What is the stomach’s function?
The food stays in the stomavh for 4 to 5 hours, where the muscle walls continually pummel the food. At the same time, the food is mixed with the enzyme, pepsin, that breaks down proteins contained within it. The stomavh also has pH of 2. This creates the correct conditions for protease enzymes.
Name the acid the stomach produces
Hydrochloric (acid) / HCI
What type of chemical will neutralise stomach acid
Alkali such as sodium bicarbonate
How are carbohydrates digested
• amylase breaks down starch
• (broken down) into sugars / glucose
• digestion of starch in the mouth
• (also) starch broken down in small intestine
• amylase produced in salivary glands / small intestine / pancreas
Where in the body are the products of digestion absorbed?
Small intestine
What is the definition of epithelial tissue?
Covers the outside and the inside of the stomacg
What is the definition of the glandular tissue?
Produces digestive juices
What is the definition of muscular tissue
Allows food to be churned around the stomach
Name one organ that makes lipase
Pancrease
How can ph decrease
- volume
- concentration of lipase
- temperature
How does hydrochloric acid help digestion?
Enzymes protease pepsin most effective in acid conditions
What does amylase break down starch into?
Sugars
What does lipase break down fats into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What does protease break down proteins into?
Amino acids
How is protein digested?
Chewing and muscle contraction and mechanical digestion
Name the food that amylase breaks down
Starch
What happens to the breakdown of starch when food reaches the stomach?
Breakdown stops because stomach produces acid and has low ph and amylase cannot work in acid and low ph
What is an enzyme?
A catalyst
En zymes are mad up of ………
Protein
Where is the enzyme amylase produced in the human body?
Salivary glands
What is the definition of catbohydrase?
Changes starch into sugars
What is the definition of isomerase?
Changes glucose syrup into fructose syrup
What is the definition of protease?
Pre-digests proteins in some baby foods
