B3 - organics Flashcards
what is a sigma bond
ends overlap
single bond
1 orbital from each atom overlaps
strong
what is a pi bond
orbitals overlap side by side
weak bond
what are the 3 type of structural isomers
chain - branches
position - functional group
functional group
what are the two types of stereo isomers
E/Z and optical
what are E/Z isomers
where the pi bond cannot rotate
E - highest rfm group on different sides of the pi bond
Z - same side
what are optical isomers
carbon with 4 different groups bonded to it
rotates light in opposite directions
general formula of alkanes
Cn H2n+2
what is the molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
what is the empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of the atoms in a molecule
what is a homologous series
same general formula and same functional group
what is the equation for atom economy
molecular mass of desired products / mass of products
x 100
what type of IMFS do alkanes have
london forces
what is the trend of solubility in alkanes
soluble in non-polar solutions
cyclohexane
as alkanes are non-polar
what is the trend with boiling points with alkanes
boiling point increases with chain length
more electrons
stronger London forces
what is the trend with chain branches and boiling points with alkanes
bpt decreases
less surface area in contact
IMFs are weaker
