A1 - atomic structure, bonding and shapes and molecules

Question 1

Definition of isotope

Answer 1

Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons and different masses

Question 2

Definition of isoelectronic

Answer 2

Atoms with the same number of electrons

Question 3

Definition of relative atomic mass

Answer 3

The weighted mean mass of an atom of the element compared with 1/12th mass of carbon - 12

Question 4

Definition of relative isotopic mass

Answer 4

The mass of an isotope compared with 1/12th mass of an atom of carbon 12

Question 5

How many orbitals are in an s-subshell

Answer 5

1 - holds two electrons

Question 6

What is the order of electronic configuration

Answer 6

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10

Question 7

What is an orbital

Answer 7

A region of space where an orbital usually is

Question 8

Hunds rule about electron configuration

Answer 8

Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own and only pair up when no empty orbitals have f the same energy are available

Question 9

What is the Aufbau principle about electron configuration

Answer 9

Electrons are placed into shells starting with the lowest energy level first - each shell must me full before the next shell starts to fill

Question 10

How many subshells in the first shell

Answer 10

1

Question 11

How many electrons can an s-orbital hold

Answer 11

2 electrons

Question 12

How many electrons can a p orbital hold

Answer 12

6

Question 13

How many electrons can d-orbitals hold

Answer 13

10

Question 14

What orbitals are in the first sub shell

Answer 14

S

Question 15

What orbitals are in the second subshell

Answer 15

S and P

Question 16

What orbitals are in the 3rd subshell

Answer 16

S p d

Question 17

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electron in the 2nd shell

Answer 18

8

Question 19

What is the maximum number of electrons in the 3rd shell

Answer 19

18

Question 20

Why are 4s subshells filled before 3d subshells

Answer 20

4s subshells had lower energy than the 3D subshell

Question 21

Definition of ionic bonds

Answer 21

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions

Question 22

What two factors determine the strength of ionic bonding

Answer 22

Magnitude of charge
Size of ion

Question 23

Why does a smaller ion have a stronger ionic bond

Answer 23

More compact electrostatic density so stronger attraction between ions

Question 24

Why does having a larger charge on the ion mean a greater ionic bond

Answer 24

Increased pull from the protons in the neutron has a stronger effect on the electrons drawing them closer and having a stronger attraction between ions

Question 25

What is the definition of a covalent bond

Answer 25

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and a nuclei

Question 26

Definition of a dative covalent bond

Answer 26

Where a shared pair of electrons has come from a single atom

Question 27

What is a sigma bond

Answer 27

Bond formed by direct overlap of orbitals

Question 28

What is a pi bond

Answer 28

Forms by sideways overlap of p orbitals

Question 29

What shape and bond angle is a molecule with 2 bonded pairs

Answer 29

Linear - 180

Question 30

What shape and bond angle is a molecule with three bonded pairs

Answer 30

Trigonal planar 120

Question 31

What shape and bond angle is a molecule with 4 bonded pairs

Answer 31

Tetrahedral - 109.5

Question 32

What shape and bond angle is a molecule with 5 bonded pairs

Answer 32

Trigonal bipyramidal 120,90

Question 33

What shape and bond angle is a molecule with 6 bonded pairs

Answer 33

Octahedral - 90

Question 34

Why do bond angles decrease by 2.5 degrees when there are lone pairs

Answer 34

Because lone pairs repel stronger than bonded pairs

Question 35

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonded pairs and 1 lone pair

Answer 35

Pyramidal - 107

Question 36

What is the shape and bond angle of a molecule with 2bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs

Answer 36

Bent v shape 104.5 109.5-2.5-2.5

Question 37

Definition of relative molecular mass

Answer 37

Average mass of a molecule compared to 1/12tb the mass of a carbon atom

Question 38

Definition of Relative atomic mass

Answer 38

The average mass of one atom compared to 1/12th the mass of one atom of carbon

Question 39

Electronic configuration of Cr

Answer 39

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3p5

Question 40

Cu electronic configuration

Answer 40

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10

Question 41

Why can ice float on water

Answer 41

Solid water forms an open lactice where the water particles are spaced further apart making the ice less dense