B3 Movement into and out of cells Flashcards
What is diffusion?
Net movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration as a result of their random movement.
Diffusion is up or down a concentration gradient?
Down
Where does diffusion happen in the body?Example?
- Diffusion happens when particles enter and leaves the cells
Oxygen and glucose diffuse into cells from the blood
What are the waste products made from chemical reactions that happens in the cell?
Carbon dioxide and Urea
What happens to the waste products from chemical reactions?
They diffuse out of cells
What 4 factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Diffusion distance
Concentration gradient
Surface area
Temperature
Faster the diffusion if the distance is…
Shorter
Faster the diffusion is the concentration gradient is
Steeper/Greater
Faster the diffusion if the surface area is
Greater
Faster the diffusion if the temperature is..
Higher
What is Osmosis?
Movement of water from a higher water potential to a lower potential across a partially permeable membrane
Semi- permeable membrane means…
that it will only let some molecules pass
When plant cells take up water by osmosis they become…
turgid or firm
What do you call when the pressure increase in the plant cell by water?
Turgor pressure
What is helpful for plants being turgid?
Being turgid supports the plants
When plant cells lose water by osmosis…
they become soft or flaccid
What happens to plants that are flaccid?
They wilt
What do you call the cell that it’s contents had collapse away from the cell wall?
Plasmolysed cell
What do you call when animal cells burst due to osmosis?
Lysis
What do you call the animal cell that has lost water by osmosis?
Crenated cell/ Shriveled cell
They have been crinkled
What is active transport?
Movement of substances from an area of lower to higher concentration. Particles move against the concentration gradient with energy.
What is need in active transport so substances go across the membrane?
Carrier proteins
How is energy transferred to the carrier protein?
From the breakdown of ATP
What does the carrier proteins do to transport the substances?
Changes shape or rotates
What part of the cell produces ATP?
mitochondria
