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Science IGCSE Biology > B2 Cells > Flashcards

B2 Cells Flashcards

B2.1 Cell structure, B2.2 Size of specimens

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1
Q

What are the organisms made up of many millions of cells called?

A

Multicellular organisms

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2
Q

What are unicellular organisms?

A

Organisms made up of just a single cell

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3
Q

What is magnifying?

A

Making very small things look bigger to see them.

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4
Q

What is used to look at very small things?

A

Microscopes

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5
Q

What are the parts of the microscope? (light microscope)

A

Eyepiece lens, objective lens, stage, light, coarse focus, fine focus and specimen

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6
Q

What is the formula for working out the magnification from the microscope?

A

Magnification of eyepiece lens × Magnification of objective lens

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7
Q

What are the things that are in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

A

Vacuole, Chloroplasts and Cell wall

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8
Q

What are the two things visible in the electron microscope and not in a light microscope?

A

Mitochondrion and Ribosomes

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9
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

What are Mitochondria for?

A

Respiration

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11
Q

Which part of the cell contains genetic information in chromosomes?

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

Which part of the cell is full of cell sap and helps it to be rigid?

A

Vacuole

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13
Q

Which part of the cell contains organelles for chemical reaction?

A

Cytoplasm

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14
Q

Which part of the cell contains receptor molecules?

A

Cell membrane

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15
Q

What is a specimen?

A

The thing that is being looked at with a microscope

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16
Q

What is the glass called where the specimen is placed?

A

Slide

17
Q

What is stain? And what is the purpose of it?

A

A liquid that helps to see cells easily and to see cell organelles more clearly as cells are colorless.

18
Q

What is the thin glass placed on top of a specimen?

A

coverslip

19
Q

What are 3 reasons of using a coverslip?

A
  • To flatten the specimen
  • To hold the specimen in place
  • To stop the specimen drying out
20
Q

Which stain is used for the cell wall of bacteria?

A

crystal violet

21
Q

Which stain is used for animal cells?

A

Methylene blue

22
Q

Which stain is used for plant cells?

A

Iodine

23
Q

What are the difference between a bacterial cell and animal/plant cells?

A

They are much smaller and simpler
They do not have Nucleus

24
Q

What is binary fission? What are the 2 stages?

A

It is how bacteria reproduce
The 2 stages are
- Cell contents double
- Cell division by binary fission

25
Q

What are the things that are not in bacterial cell but in animal or plant cell?

A

Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Permanent vacuole and Mitochondria

26
Q

What are cells?

A

Basic unit of life

27
Q

What are Tissues?

A

group of similar cells working together

28
Q

What is an organ?

A

Is a group of tissues working together to do a job

29
Q

What is an organ system?

A

group of organs working together to do a job

30
Q

What is an organism?

A

group of organ systems working together to do a job

31
Q

What is the cell wall for bacterial cells made of?

A

Peptidoglycan

32
Q

What are the things that bacterial cells have but not plant or animal cell?

A

Circular DNA and plasmids

33
Q

What is the shape of the red blood cell? Why?

A

Bi-concave disc shape
Because it increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur

34
Q

What is Cilia?

A

It is the hair-like structure which moves mucus and traps particles

35
Q

What is the shape of the palisade cell?Why?

A

Column shaped to absorb a lot of sunlight and to fit lots in upper epidermis

36
Q

Why do root hair cells have thin walls?

A

So water moves through quickly

37
Q

What does the Acrosome in the head of the sperm contain? Why?

A

Digestive enzymes to penetrate an egg

Science IGCSE Biology (5 decks)

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