B3 Infection And Response

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Microorganisms that can cause disease.

Question 2

Features of Bacteria

Answer 2

Very small
Reproduce rapidly
Damage your cells and tissues
They produce toxins to make you feel ill.

Question 3

Features of Virus

Answer 3

They are NOT cells
Tiny, about 1/100th of the size of a bacterium
Live inside of your cells

Question 4

Features of Protists

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cells, they have a nucleus
Protist called plasmodium which is spread by mosquitoes (a vector) causes malaria

Question 5

Features of Fungi

Answer 5

Like Protists, Fungi is a eukaryotic cell too as it has a nucleus.
Can produce spores which can be spread to other plants and animals

Question 6

Match up

Influenza Direct Contact
Cholera Water
Chicken pox Air

Answer 6

Influenza Air
Cholera Water
Chicken pox Direct Contact

Question 7

How can we prevent the spread of pathogens?

Answer 7

Clean surfaces, disinfect so that you can touch it
Disinfect rooms with large groups of people in it
Wash your hands thoroughly
If you are I’ll avoid contact with people
Stay at home (isolate) if you are ill

Question 8

How does the skin protect itself against pathogens?

Answer 8

Physical barriers stops pathogens from getting into our skin if it is cut, if it is fit or grazed it immediately heals itself

Question 9

How does the nose protect itself against pathogens?

Answer 9

Has internal hairs to trap pathogens as well as mucus

Question 10

How does the trachea and bronchi protect itself against pathogens?

Answer 10

Cilia cells are hairs, waft the hair and move mucus and pathogens upwards towards the throat where they are swallowed into your stomach

Question 11

How does the stomach protect itself against pathogens?

Answer 11

Contains hydrochloric acid which kills most pathogens with the acid, this is a chemical barrier

Question 12

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 12

These are white blood cells that help your body remember and recognise previous invaders and help destroy them.

Question 13

What are phagocytes?

Answer 13

These are white blood cells that protect the body by eating (engulfing) harmful invaders like bacteria and dead or dying cells. They act like the body’s ‘clean up crew’

Question 14

How was penicillin discovered?

Answer 14

Discovered by accident in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. He noticed that a mould called penicillium had killed bacteria in a petting dish in his lab. This mould produced a substance which he named penicillin that could kill bacteria

Question 15

Name the plant that produced a heart drug called digitalis.

Answer 15

Foxgloves

Question 16

Name the drug that is produced by the plant willow

Answer 16

Aspirin

Question 17

Preclinical trials

What is a blind-trial?

Answer 17

The volunteers do not know which group they are in but researchers do.

Question 18

What is a double blind trial?

Answer 18

Double blind trial is the volunteers nor the researchers know which group volunteers are in until the end of the trial