B3 Infection And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that can cause disease.

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2
Q

Features of Bacteria

A

Very small
Reproduce rapidly
Damage your cells and tissues
They produce toxins to make you feel ill.

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3
Q

Features of Virus

A

They are NOT cells
Tiny, about 1/100th of the size of a bacterium
Live inside of your cells

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4
Q

Features of Protists

A

Eukaryotic cells, they have a nucleus
Protist called plasmodium which is spread by mosquitoes (a vector) causes malaria

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5
Q

Features of Fungi

A

Like Protists, Fungi is a eukaryotic cell too as it has a nucleus.
Can produce spores which can be spread to other plants and animals

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6
Q

Match up

Influenza Direct Contact
Cholera Water
Chicken pox Air

A

Influenza Air
Cholera Water
Chicken pox Direct Contact

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7
Q

How can we prevent the spread of pathogens?

A

Clean surfaces, disinfect so that you can touch it
Disinfect rooms with large groups of people in it
Wash your hands thoroughly
If you are I’ll avoid contact with people
Stay at home (isolate) if you are ill

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8
Q

How does the skin protect itself against pathogens?

A

Physical barriers stops pathogens from getting into our skin if it is cut, if it is fit or grazed it immediately heals itself

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9
Q

How does the nose protect itself against pathogens?

A

Has internal hairs to trap pathogens as well as mucus

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10
Q

How does the trachea and bronchi protect itself against pathogens?

A

Cilia cells are hairs, waft the hair and move mucus and pathogens upwards towards the throat where they are swallowed into your stomach

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11
Q

How does the stomach protect itself against pathogens?

A

Contains hydrochloric acid which kills most pathogens with the acid, this is a chemical barrier

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12
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

These are white blood cells that help your body remember and recognise previous invaders and help destroy them.

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13
Q

What are phagocytes?

A

These are white blood cells that protect the body by eating (engulfing) harmful invaders like bacteria and dead or dying cells. They act like the body’s ‘clean up crew’

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14
Q

How was penicillin discovered?

A

Discovered by accident in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. He noticed that a mould called penicillium had killed bacteria in a petting dish in his lab. This mould produced a substance which he named penicillin that could kill bacteria

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15
Q

Name the plant that produced a heart drug called digitalis.

A

Foxgloves

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16
Q

Name the drug that is produced by the plant willow

A

Aspirin

17
Q

Preclinical trials

What is a blind-trial?

A

The volunteers do not know which group they are in but researchers do.

18
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

Double blind trial is the volunteers nor the researchers know which group volunteers are in until the end of the trial