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Y9 Science > B2 Organisation > Flashcards

B2 Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of the mouth

A

Chewing in your mouth helps break down food salivary glands in your mouth release saliva which breaks down enzymes

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2
Q

Function of Pharynx & Oesophagus

A

Carries food down to the stomach

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3
Q

Function of the stomach

A

Holds food while it’s being mixed with enzymes contains strong acids that help enzymes to break down the food (hydrochloric acid)

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4
Q

Function of the liver

A

Liver produces bile, food doesn’t pass through the liver

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5
Q

Function of the gall bladder

A

Keep hold of bile (extra) no food is going to the gall bladder, excess bile

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6
Q

Pancreas

A

Makes enzymes, these are released into the small intestine where they break down proteins lipids (fats) and carbohydrates

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7
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Breaks down food using enzymes

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8
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Waste left over from the digestive process called stool - water is removed

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9
Q

Function of the rectum

A

Receives the stool from large intestine, let’s the person know that there is a stool (faeces) to be evacuated

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10
Q

Function of the anus

A

Last part of the digestive tract evacuation of faeces from the body

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11
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder - main function to break down fats in fatty acids which can be absorbed in the gut

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12
Q
  1. Digestion of fat
  2. Absorption of water into blood
  3. Production of hydrochloric acid
A
  1. Small intestine
  2. Large intestine
  3. Stomach
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13
Q
  1. Layer of cells lining the stomach
  2. Stomach
  3. Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas
A
  1. A tissue
  2. An organ
  3. Organ system
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14
Q

Food tests - Lipids

A

Adds ethanol, turn cloudy, with ethanol it is highly flammable

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15
Q

Food test - sugar

A

Benedict solution , could change red, brown, orange, yellow, or green, it is irritate

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16
Q

Food tests - protein

A

Biuret reagent, turns purple and is irritant

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17
Q

How enzymes work.

Active sites:

A

Region or part of the enzyme where a substrate fits

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18
Q

How enzymes work

Substrate

A

The molecule or molecules taking part in the chemical reaction

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19
Q

Define enzyme

A

Enzyme is a biological catalyst

20
Q

State the organ system in which enzymes have an effect

A

They work in the digestive system

21
Q

Define ‘substrate’ and ‘active site’

A

Substrate is the molecules taking part in the chemical reaction. Active site is the enzymes where a substrate fits

22
Q

Describe how the shape of an enzyme affects its activity

A

It affects its activity as the substrate fits into the active site/enzyme, it has a complementary shape

23
Q

Explain what would happen to chemical reaction in the body if we didn’t have enzymes

A

If we didn’t have enzymes chemical reactions would be too slow

24
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Similar organs that work together

25
Q

What is a cell?

A

The building blocks to all living things

26
Q

What type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?

A

Artery

27
Q

Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?

A

Capillary

28
Q

Define deoxygenated

A

Blood without oxygen

29
Q

On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute?

A

70 times per minute

30
Q

What happens during a heart attack?

A

Blood vessels become blocked and the blood supply to the heart is cut off

31
Q

What does coronary heart disease refer to?

A

Refers to the disease of the blood vessels that supply the blood/oxygen to the heart

32
Q

What does the narrowing of arteries lead to?

A

Heart disease, angina attacks, closing of blood vessels completely could lead to death

33
Q

Causes of CHD ( coronary heart disease )

A

Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, lifestyle factors such as drinking, smoking, lack of exercise and poor diet

34
Q

Define ‘communicable disease’

A

Disease that can be passed onto other people

35
Q

How do allergies get triggered?

A

By immune reaction to a pathogen

36
Q

List the four types of pathogens.

A

Virus, Fungi, Protists and Bacteria

37
Q

Why will hygiene not affect non-communicable diseases?

A

The disease illness is inside of your body so good hygiene won’t affect non-communicable diseases

38
Q

How will one disease lead to another?

A

Viruses can trigger cancer, physical health issues can lead to mental health issues

39
Q

What is a ‘carcinogen’

A

Chemical that can cause cancer

40
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is part of the cell cycle, the process by which can divide to produce new ones

41
Q

Define diffusion

A

Diffusion is when an area of low concentration gets to a higher concentration

42
Q

Define transpiration

A

The evaporation of water at the surfaces of the spongy mesophyll cells in leaves followed by loss of water vapour through the stomata

43
Q

What are the factors of affecting rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Light Intensity

44
Q

Define osmosis

A

Osmosis is the up take of water through high concentrations to low concentrations

45
Q

Four components of blood are…

A

Plasma, platelets, red-blood cells snd white blood cells

46
Q

What are benign tumours?

A

Non-cancerous growths in the body

47
Q

What are malignant tumours?

A

Cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue.

Y9 Science (7 decks)

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