B2 Organisation

Question 1

Function of the mouth

Answer 1

Chewing in your mouth helps break down food salivary glands in your mouth release saliva which breaks down enzymes

Question 2

Function of Pharynx & Oesophagus

Answer 2

Carries food down to the stomach

Question 3

Function of the stomach

Answer 3

Holds food while it’s being mixed with enzymes contains strong acids that help enzymes to break down the food (hydrochloric acid)

Question 4

Function of the liver

Answer 4

Liver produces bile, food doesn’t pass through the liver

Question 5

Function of the gall bladder

Answer 5

Keep hold of bile (extra) no food is going to the gall bladder, excess bile

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

Makes enzymes, these are released into the small intestine where they break down proteins lipids (fats) and carbohydrates

Question 7

Function of small intestine

Answer 7

Breaks down food using enzymes

Question 8

Function of the large intestine

Answer 8

Waste left over from the digestive process called stool - water is removed

Question 9

Function of the rectum

Answer 9

Receives the stool from large intestine, let’s the person know that there is a stool (faeces) to be evacuated

Question 10

Function of the anus

Answer 10

Last part of the digestive tract evacuation of faeces from the body

Question 11

What is bile?

Answer 11

Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gall bladder - main function to break down fats in fatty acids which can be absorbed in the gut

Question 12

1. Digestion of fat
2. Absorption of water into blood
3. Production of hydrochloric acid

Answer 12

1. Small intestine
2. Large intestine
3. Stomach

Question 13

1. Layer of cells lining the stomach
2. Stomach
3. Mouth, stomach, intestines, liver and pancreas

Answer 13

1. A tissue
2. An organ
3. Organ system

Question 14

Food tests - Lipids

Answer 14

Adds ethanol, turn cloudy, with ethanol it is highly flammable

Question 15

Food test - sugar

Answer 15

Benedict solution , could change red, brown, orange, yellow, or green, it is irritate

Question 16

Food tests - protein

Answer 16

Biuret reagent, turns purple and is irritant

Question 17

How enzymes work.

Active sites:

Answer 17

Region or part of the enzyme where a substrate fits

Question 18

How enzymes work

Substrate

Answer 18

The molecule or molecules taking part in the chemical reaction

Question 19

Define enzyme

Answer 19

Enzyme is a biological catalyst

Question 20

State the organ system in which enzymes have an effect

Answer 20

They work in the digestive system

Question 21

Define ‘substrate’ and ‘active site’

Answer 21

Substrate is the molecules taking part in the chemical reaction. Active site is the enzymes where a substrate fits

Question 22

Describe how the shape of an enzyme affects its activity

Answer 22

It affects its activity as the substrate fits into the active site/enzyme, it has a complementary shape

Question 23

Explain what would happen to chemical reaction in the body if we didn’t have enzymes

Answer 23

If we didn’t have enzymes chemical reactions would be too slow

Question 24

What is a tissue?

Answer 24

Similar organs that work together

Question 25

What is a cell?

Answer 25

The building blocks to all living things

Question 26

What type of blood vessel carries blood out of the heart?

Answer 26

Artery

Question 27

Which type of blood vessel allows substances to enter and leave the blood?

Answer 27

Capillary

Question 28

Define deoxygenated

Answer 28

Blood without oxygen

Question 29

On average, how many times does the heart beat per minute?

Answer 29

70 times per minute

Question 30

What happens during a heart attack?

Answer 30

Blood vessels become blocked and the blood supply to the heart is cut off

Question 31

What does coronary heart disease refer to?

Answer 31

Refers to the disease of the blood vessels that supply the blood/oxygen to the heart

Question 32

What does the narrowing of arteries lead to?

Answer 32

Heart disease, angina attacks, closing of blood vessels completely could lead to death

Question 33

Causes of CHD ( coronary heart disease )

Answer 33

Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, lifestyle factors such as drinking, smoking, lack of exercise and poor diet

Question 34

Define ‘communicable disease’

Answer 34

Disease that can be passed onto other people

Question 35

How do allergies get triggered?

Answer 35

By immune reaction to a pathogen

Question 36

List the four types of pathogens.

Answer 36

Virus, Fungi, Protists and Bacteria

Question 37

Why will hygiene not affect non-communicable diseases?

Answer 37

The disease illness is inside of your body so good hygiene won’t affect non-communicable diseases

Question 38

How will one disease lead to another?

Answer 38

Viruses can trigger cancer, physical health issues can lead to mental health issues

Question 39

What is a ‘carcinogen’

Answer 39

Chemical that can cause cancer

Question 40

What is mitosis?

Answer 40

Mitosis is part of the cell cycle, the process by which can divide to produce new ones

Question 41

Define diffusion

Answer 41

Diffusion is when an area of low concentration gets to a higher concentration

Question 42

Define transpiration

Answer 42

The evaporation of water at the surfaces of the spongy mesophyll cells in leaves followed by loss of water vapour through the stomata

Question 43

What are the factors of affecting rate of transpiration?

Answer 43

Temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed, Light Intensity

Question 44

Define osmosis

Answer 44

Osmosis is the up take of water through high concentrations to low concentrations

Question 45

Four components of blood are…

Answer 45

Plasma, platelets, red-blood cells snd white blood cells

Question 46

What are benign tumours?

Answer 46

Non-cancerous growths in the body

Question 47

What are malignant tumours?

Answer 47

Cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue.