Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B3 infection and response > Flashcards

B3 infection and response Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the four types of pathogens

A

virus
bacteria
fungi
protist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pathogen defenition

A

microorganisms that enter the body and cuse disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how do bacteria make you feel ill

A

reproduce rapidly inside your body
produce toxins that damage your cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do viruses work

A

can reproduce rapidly inside your body
replicate themselves whilst inside your cells to produce many copies of themselves
the cell will burst, releasing all of the new viruses
the cell damage makes you feel ill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are protists

A

eukaryotic, most are single-celled, some are parasites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fungi

A

some are cingle-celled, some have body made up of hyphae (thread like structures) which can grow and penetrate human skin / surface of plants and cause diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do pathogens spread

A

water eg Cholera
Air eg influenza virus
Direct contact - eg athlete’s foot
vectors - an organism which carries the pathogen ie mosquitoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of infection is measles

A

viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what type of infection is HIV

A

viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what type of infection is Malaria

A

Protist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what type of infection is Gonorrhoea

A

Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of infection is Salmonella

A

Bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of infection is Rose Black Spot

A

Fungal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of infection is TMV (and what does it stand for)

A

viral
Tobacco Mosaic Virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

symptoms of measles

A

red skin rash
fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

symptoms of HIV

A

initially causes flu-like symptoms
then usually no symptoms for several years

17
Q

symptoms of TMV

A

causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plants - parts of the leaves become discoloured

18
Q

symptoms of rose black spot

A

causes purple or black spots to develop on the leaves of rose plants. The leaves then turn yellow and drop off

19
Q

symptoms of Malaria

A

repeating episodes of fever. can be fatal.

20
Q

symptoms of salmonella

A

fever, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea

21
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea

A

pain when urinating, yellow or green discharge

22
Q

methods of reducing or preventing spread of disease

A

being hygenic
destroying vectors
isolating infected indivuals
vaccination

23
Q

how does the skin defend from pathogens

A

acts as a barrier
secretes antimicrobial substances which kill pathogens

24
Q

how does the nose defend from pathogens

A

hairs and mucus in the nose trap particles that could contain pathogens

25
Q

how does the breathing pipework defend from pathogens

A

trachea and bronchi secrete mucus to trap pathogens
lined with cilia that waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed

26
Q

how does the stomach defend from pathogens

A

produces Hydrochloric acid that kills pathogens.

27
Q

types of white blood cell

A

phagocytes
lymphocytes

28
Q

three main ways the immune system defends from pathogens

A

Phagocytosis (consuming them)
producing antibodies
producing antitoxins

29
Q

Phagocytosis (consuming pathogens)

A

white blood cells known as phagocytes engulf foreign cells and digest them

30
Q

producing antibodies

A

.every invading pathogen has unique antigens (molecules) on their surface
.when lymphocytes come across antigens they don’t recognise, they produce antibodies that lock on to the invading cells so they can be found and destroyed.
. If the person is infected with the same pathogen again then the white blood cells will rapidly produce the antibodies to kill it

31
Q

What do antitoxins do

A

counteract toxins produced by the invading bacteria

32
Q

how do vaccines work

A

inject dead or inactive forms of a pthogen into the body, causing your immune system to produce antibodies to attack them. If live pathogens of the same type appear after that, the white blood cells can rapidly mass-produce antibodies to kill off the pathogen

33
Q

what plant did aspirin originate from

A

willow

34
Q

what did digitalis originate from

A

foxgloves

35
Q

main stages of drug testing

A

. preclinical trials
. animal trials
. human trials
. peer review

36
Q

what are the main things drugs are tested for

A

. toxicity
. efficacy
. optimum dosage

37
Q

what is toxicity in drugs

A

potential side/ toxic effects of the drug

38
Q

what is efficacy

A

how well the drug cures the disease or imporves symptoms

39
Q

what is optimum dosage

A

the optimal volume of the drug to take

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions