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GCSE Biology Paper 1 > B3 — Infection And Response > Flashcards

B3 — Infection And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 pathogens

A

Bacteria, viruses, protists, Fungi

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2
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

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3
Q

What is bacteria

A

Bacteria are very small cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body

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4
Q

What is a virus

A

A virus lives inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells machinery to produce many copies of themselves and eventually the cell burst which makes you ill

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5
Q

What are protists

A

Protists are single celled eukaryotes that is transferred by a vector

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6
Q

An example of a vector

A

Insects

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7
Q

What is fungi

A

Fungi are single celled with a body made of hyphae

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8
Q

What is hyphae

A

Hyphae are thread-like structures that can penetrate human skin causing disease

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9
Q

What are the three ways pathogens can spread

A

Water, air and direct touch

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10
Q

What are the 3 important viral diseases to know about

A

Measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus

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11
Q

How are measles spread

A

By droplets of an infected persons sneeze or cough

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12
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Sexual contact

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13
Q

Name one fungal disease

A

Rose black spot

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14
Q

Name a disease caused by a protist

A

Malaria

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15
Q

Name 2 bacterial diseases

A

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

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16
Q

What are the 4 things we can do to reduce these viruses

A

Being hygienic, destroying vectors, isolating infected individuals, vaccination

17
Q

What are 5 of the defence mechanisms your body has

A

The skin, the hair and mucus in your nose, the trachea and bronchi, the cilia, the hydrochloric acid in your stomach

18
Q

How can the skin help protect us from diseases

A

It acts as a barrier and it secretes anti microbial substances

19
Q

How do the hairs and the mucus in the nose help to protect us from disease

A

They trap particles that could be pathogens

20
Q

How do the trachea and bronchi help protect us from diseases

A

They secrete mucus to trap pathogens

21
Q

How do the stomach help protect us from diseases

A

The hydrochloric acid kills the pathogens

22
Q

What happens if the pathogen gets in the body

A

The immune system kicks in and starts fighting it off

23
Q

What is the mos important part of the immune system

A

The white blood cells

24
Q

What are the three lines of attack for the white blood cells

A

Consuming the pathogens, producing antibodies and producing antitoxins

25
Q

What happens during the consumption stage

A

White blood cells engulf the foreign cells and digest them. This is called phagocytosis

26
Q

How do the white blood cells produce antibodies

A

The white blood cell finds the foreign antigen and start to release proteins ( antibodies ) to lock onto invading cells so that they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells.

27
Q

What do antitoxins do

A

Antitoxins counteract the toxins produced by invading bacteria

28
Q

What is a vaccination

A

A vaccination is and injection of small amounts of a dead or inactive pathogen which allows the body to produce antibodies quicker so that the body can kill of the disease quicker.

29
Q

What are the pros of a vaccination

A

Vaccines helped control lots of communicable diseases that are now less common and they can help during epidemics so that the big outbreak of a disease can be handle quickly

30
Q

What are the cons of vaccinations

A

There is a chance that the vaccine doesn’t work and you could have a bad reaction to something in the vaccine or the vaccine itself even though bad reactions are rare

31
Q

Which two drugs are good for relieving symptoms of anything

A

Painkillers and antibiotics

32
Q

What can bacteria do to become resistant to antibiotics

A

Mutate

33
Q

How can bacteria mutate

A

Bacteria mutates by a change in their genetic material allowing some bacteria to be antibiotic resistant

34
Q

Where did drugs originally come from

A

Drugs originally came from plants

35
Q

How many stages are there in drugs testing

A

There are 4. The first is on human cells and tissues, then it moves onto live animals, then it moves onto healthy humans, then finally its tested on humans with the disease.

GCSE Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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