B3 — Infection And Response

Question 1

What are the 4 pathogens

Answer 1

Bacteria, viruses, protists, Fungi

Question 2

What are pathogens

Answer 2

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

Question 3

What is bacteria

Answer 3

Bacteria are very small cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body

Question 4

What is a virus

Answer 4

A virus lives inside your cells and replicate themselves using the cells machinery to produce many copies of themselves and eventually the cell burst which makes you ill

Question 5

What are protists

Answer 5

Protists are single celled eukaryotes that is transferred by a vector

Question 6

An example of a vector

Answer 6

Insects

Question 7

What is fungi

Answer 7

Fungi are single celled with a body made of hyphae

Question 8

What is hyphae

Answer 8

Hyphae are thread-like structures that can penetrate human skin causing disease

Question 9

What are the three ways pathogens can spread

Answer 9

Water, air and direct touch

Question 10

What are the 3 important viral diseases to know about

Answer 10

Measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus

Question 11

How are measles spread

Answer 11

By droplets of an infected persons sneeze or cough

Question 12

How is HIV spread

Answer 12

Sexual contact

Question 13

Name one fungal disease

Answer 13

Rose black spot

Question 14

Name a disease caused by a protist

Answer 14

Malaria

Question 15

Name 2 bacterial diseases

Answer 15

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

Question 16

What are the 4 things we can do to reduce these viruses

Answer 16

Being hygienic, destroying vectors, isolating infected individuals, vaccination

Question 17

What are 5 of the defence mechanisms your body has

Answer 17

The skin, the hair and mucus in your nose, the trachea and bronchi, the cilia, the hydrochloric acid in your stomach

Question 18

How can the skin help protect us from diseases

Answer 18

It acts as a barrier and it secretes anti microbial substances

Question 19

How do the hairs and the mucus in the nose help to protect us from disease

Answer 19

They trap particles that could be pathogens

Question 20

How do the trachea and bronchi help protect us from diseases

Answer 20

They secrete mucus to trap pathogens

Question 21

How do the stomach help protect us from diseases

Answer 21

The hydrochloric acid kills the pathogens

Question 22

What happens if the pathogen gets in the body

Answer 22

The immune system kicks in and starts fighting it off

Question 23

What is the mos important part of the immune system

Answer 23

The white blood cells

Question 24

What are the three lines of attack for the white blood cells

Answer 24

Consuming the pathogens, producing antibodies and producing antitoxins

Question 25

What happens during the consumption stage

Answer 25

White blood cells engulf the foreign cells and digest them. This is called phagocytosis

Question 26

How do the white blood cells produce antibodies

Answer 26

The white blood cell finds the foreign antigen and start to release proteins ( antibodies ) to lock onto invading cells so that they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells.

Question 27

What do antitoxins do

Answer 27

Antitoxins counteract the toxins produced by invading bacteria

Question 28

What is a vaccination

Answer 28

A vaccination is and injection of small amounts of a dead or inactive pathogen which allows the body to produce antibodies quicker so that the body can kill of the disease quicker.

Question 29

What are the pros of a vaccination

Answer 29

Vaccines helped control lots of communicable diseases that are now less common and they can help during epidemics so that the big outbreak of a disease can be handle quickly

Question 30

What are the cons of vaccinations

Answer 30

There is a chance that the vaccine doesn’t work and you could have a bad reaction to something in the vaccine or the vaccine itself even though bad reactions are rare

Question 31

Which two drugs are good for relieving symptoms of anything

Answer 31

Painkillers and antibiotics

Question 32

What can bacteria do to become resistant to antibiotics

Answer 32

Mutate

Question 33

How can bacteria mutate

Answer 33

Bacteria mutates by a change in their genetic material allowing some bacteria to be antibiotic resistant

Question 34

Where did drugs originally come from

Answer 34

Drugs originally came from plants

Question 35

How many stages are there in drugs testing

Answer 35

There are 4. The first is on human cells and tissues, then it moves onto live animals, then it moves onto healthy humans, then finally its tested on humans with the disease.