B3 - Genetics

Question 1

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 1

Carries genetic information.

Question 2

What are genes?

Answer 2

Sections of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins.

Question 3

True or False: DNA is found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Genes are made up of sequences of _______.

Answer 4

nucleotides.

Question 5

What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA? A) Storing genetic information B) Catalyzing biochemical reactions C) Replicating itself D) Directing protein synthesis

Answer 6

B) Catalyzing biochemical reactions.

Question 7

What is the structural shape of DNA?

Answer 7

Double helix.

Question 8

True or False: All genes code for proteins.

Answer 8

False.

Question 9

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in relation to DNA?

Answer 9

mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: The sequence of _______ in DNA determines the traits of an organism.

Answer 10

nucleotides.

Question 11

What is a mutation?

Answer 11

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: Which process involves the copying of DNA? A) Transcription B) Translation C) Replication D) Mutation

Answer 12

C) Replication.

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 13

To form the core of the ribosome’s structure and catalyze protein synthesis.

Question 14

True or False: DNA can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

What are alleles?

Answer 15

Different versions of a gene.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is known as its _______.

Answer 16

genotype.

Question 17

What is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism called?

Answer 17

Phenotype.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication? A) DNA polymerase B) Helicase C) Ligase D) Primase

Answer 18

B) Helicase.

Question 19

What is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?

Answer 19

Transcription.

Question 20

True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

What is a locus?

Answer 21

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The human genome consists of approximately _______ billion base pairs.

Answer 22

3.

Question 23

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Answer 23

To bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm? A) DNA replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) All of the above

Answer 24

C) Translation.

Question 25

True or False: Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

What is the term for a segment of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome?

Answer 26

Transposon.