B3 - Genetics Flashcards
What is the primary function of DNA?
Carries genetic information.
What are genes?
Sections of DNA that contain instructions for building proteins.
True or False: DNA is found only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
True.
Fill in the blank: Genes are made up of sequences of _______.
nucleotides.
What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of DNA? A) Storing genetic information B) Catalyzing biochemical reactions C) Replicating itself D) Directing protein synthesis
B) Catalyzing biochemical reactions.
What is the structural shape of DNA?
Double helix.
True or False: All genes code for proteins.
False.
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in relation to DNA?
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of _______ in DNA determines the traits of an organism.
nucleotides.
What is a mutation?
A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Multiple Choice: Which process involves the copying of DNA? A) Transcription B) Translation C) Replication D) Mutation
C) Replication.
What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
To form the core of the ribosome’s structure and catalyze protein synthesis.
True or False: DNA can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
True.
What are alleles?
Different versions of a gene.
Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is known as its _______.
genotype.
What is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism called?
Phenotype.
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication? A) DNA polymerase B) Helicase C) Ligase D) Primase
B) Helicase.
What is the process by which DNA is converted into RNA?
Transcription.
True or False: Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins.
True.
What is a locus?
The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.
Fill in the blank: The human genome consists of approximately _______ billion base pairs.
3.
What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
To bring amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm? A) DNA replication B) Transcription C) Translation D) All of the above
C) Translation.
True or False: Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
True.
What is the term for a segment of DNA that can move from one location to another within the genome?
Transposon.
