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Bio Test Revison Flash Cards Ai > B2 - Cells and Control > Flashcards

B2 - Cells and Control Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

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2
Q

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

A

The primary purpose of mitosis is for growth and repair of tissues.

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3
Q

True or False: Mitosis produces genetically different cells.

A

False

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4
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur in?

A

Mitosis occurs in the M phase of the cell cycle.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Mitosis results in ________ identical cells.

A

two

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6
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

The stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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7
Q

In which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate?

A

Metaphase

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8
Q

True or False: Chromosomes are duplicated during mitosis.

A

False

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9
Q

What structure helps to separate the chromosomes during mitosis?

A

The spindle fibers.

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10
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

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11
Q

What is the role of the centrioles in mitosis?

A

Centrioles help organize the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes.

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12
Q

During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase

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13
Q

What is the outcome of telophase?

A

Telophase results in the formation of two new nuclear envelopes around the separated sets of chromosomes.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: Cytokinesis usually occurs ________ mitosis.

A

after

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15
Q

How does cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?

A

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through cleavage furrow formation, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

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16
Q

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

A

Somatic cells.

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17
Q

True or False: Mitosis can occur in prokaryotes.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the result of errors during mitosis?

A

Errors during mitosis can lead to conditions such as cancer due to abnormal cell growth.

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19
Q

What is the function of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A

Checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase of the cell cycle.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The phase before mitosis is called ________.

A

interphase

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21
Q

What occurs during interphase?

A

During interphase, the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis.

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22
Q

What is the role of DNA replication in mitosis?

A

DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

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23
Q

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the appearance of the spindle apparatus?

A

Prophase

24
Q

What happens to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

A

The nuclear envelope breaks down.

25
Q

True or False: Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

A

True

26
Q

What is the significance of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

A

Mitosis is crucial for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.

27
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.

28
Q

During which phase do the chromatids become individual chromosomes?

A

Anaphase

29
Q

What is the purpose of spindle fibers?

A

Spindle fibers help to separate and move chromosomes during mitosis.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles during ________.

A

anaphase

31
Q

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different gametes.

32
Q

True or False: Mitosis includes two rounds of cell division.

A

False

33
Q

What is the role of the mitotic spindle?

A

The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis.

34
Q

In which phase do chromosomes de-condense back into chromatin?

A

Telophase

35
Q

What is the significance of mitotic regulation?

A

Mitotic regulation ensures proper cell division and prevents uncontrolled cell growth.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell cycle consists of ________, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

A

interphase

37
Q

What is the G1 phase?

A

The G1 phase is the first gap phase of interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.

38
Q

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

A

During the S phase, DNA is replicated.

39
Q

What is the G2 phase?

A

The G2 phase is the second gap phase where the cell prepares for mitosis.

40
Q

True or False: Mitosis is critical for asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.

A

True

41
Q

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

A

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle.

42
Q

What can happen if a cell bypasses the checkpoints?

A

Bypassing checkpoints can lead to uncontrolled cell division and cancer.

43
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of cell division that occurs after mitosis is called ________.

A

cytokinesis

44
Q

What is the primary function of mitosis in single-celled organisms?

A

In single-celled organisms, mitosis is primarily for reproduction.

45
Q

What happens to the genetic material during mitosis?

A

The genetic material is duplicated and evenly distributed to the daughter cells.

46
Q

True or False: Mitosis occurs continuously in all cell types.

A

False

47
Q

What is the role of checkpoints in preventing cancer?

A

Checkpoints help detect and repair DNA damage, preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.

48
Q

What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytokinesis

49
Q

During which phase do chromosomes become visible under a microscope?

A

Prophase

50
Q

What is the role of the centromere?

A

The centromere holds sister chromatids together and is where spindle fibers attach.

51
Q

What happens during the late telophase?

A

The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes.

52
Q

What are the two main types of cell division?

A

Mitosis and meiosis.

53
Q

What is the result of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

A

The chromosome number remains the same as the parent cell.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: The ________ phase is when the cell prepares for mitosis.

A

G2

55
Q

What is the significance of mitosis in tissue repair?

A

Mitosis allows for the replacement of damaged or dead cells in tissues.

Bio Test Revison Flash Cards Ai (7 decks)

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