B3 and B4 Flashcards
Where is bile produced?
In the liver
What does bile do? (2)
・Break down fats in small droplets (emulsifies)
・Increase the pH making it more alkaline
How does breaking the fat make it easier for enzymes?
Larger SA means the food can be broken down quicker - enzymes digest better
How does increasing the pH make it easier for the enzymes?
The pH neutralises the hydrochloric acid from the stomach - enzymes work better in the SI at a higher pH
What is the optimum pH for enzymes to work at?
7.9
Where is bile stored?
In the gall bladder
Where is the bile released into?
The small intestine
What does the blood do? (5)
・Protect the body from pathogens ・Carries oxygen to body cells ・Carries carbon dioxide away from the cell ・Carries nutrients to the cell ・Carries waste products to the kidney
Where do arteries carry the blood?
Away from the heart
Where do capillaries carry the blood?
Diffuses from the blood -> cell
Where do veins carry the blood?
Towards the heart
Properties of arteries (3)
・More muscles fibres to withstand higher pressure
・lumen in the centre
・Elastic fibres on the outside
Properties of veins (3)
・Less muscle fibres
・lumen in the centre
・Elastic fibres on the outside
How big are capillaries?
One cell thick
What is blood?
A tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended
Properties of capillaries (2)
・One cell thick
・Narrow with thin walls to allow diffusion easily
Veins have a pulse. True of False?
False
Vena cava
・Right of the heart
・Brings deoxygenated blood
Timeline of passing blood through heart (11)
Vena cava -> Right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body -> vena cava
Valve strings
Stop the valves from turning inside out