B3 Flashcards
how much blood do kidneys filter?
180litres a day, which produces 1.5 litres of urine
where are the kidneys located?
back of the abdominal cavities
what is the job of the kidneys?
they filter out blood and control the amount of water, ions and urea in the blood.
what does it mean by hypertonic?
when cells have less water, which can lead them to be shrivelled
what does it mean by hypotonic?
when cells have too much water, which can lead them to burst, and potential death.
what is it meant by isotonic?
when the concentration of water and solutes is the same inside a cell.
what is deamination?
it is the process of excessive amino acids being produced in the liver. this causes amino acids to produce ammonia and then urea which can damage cells.
explain the outer structure of the kidneys
the kidneys consist of:
vena cava
aorta
renal vein- where the blood flows from the kidneys to the renal vein
renal artery- blood flows into the kidneys from the renal artery
ureter- carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
bladder- stores urine
urethra- releases urine
sphincter muscles
explain the inner structure of the kidneys
consist of:
renal vein- where the blood flows from the kidneys to it
renal artery- bloods flows into the kidneys from this
pelvis- collect urine
medulla- filters water, salt and urea from blood
cortex filters larger molecules such as wbc
ureter- carries urine from kidneys to the bladder
what is osmoregulation?
osmoregulation is the control of water levels in the body
where is adh produced?
in the pituitary gland
how does adh travel?
adh travels via bloodstream to the nephron where binds with adh receptors in the walls of the collecting duct
what is the role of the collecting duct?
it controls how much water is needed in the body and how much urine needs to be released.
what happens after adh binds with adh receptors?
a chain of enzyme controlled reactions occur, where aquaporins are inserted into the membrane of the collecting duct.
next, these channels facilitate on movement of water, where if there’s more adh present, more are inserters into the membrane; more water is absorbed.
how is water moved in this process?
moved by osmosis
