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unit 5 > A1 > Flashcards

A1 Flashcards

1
Q

define acid

A

substances that dissociates in water to form h+ ions

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2
Q

give an example of an acid

A

HCL—> H+ + CL-

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3
Q

define base

A

substances that react with acids to form water and salt

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4
Q

define alkali

A

a base that dissolves in water to form OH- ions

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5
Q

define amphoteric

A

substances that can act as both acid and base

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6
Q

what is the chemical equation for aluminium oxide?

A

AL2O3

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7
Q

is alumina chemically inert?

A

yes it is, however under some conditions it is not, for example it can react with hot bases and acids

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8
Q

is alumina amphoteric? and why

A

yes because it can react with hot bases and acids only

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9
Q

what are some of the uses of alumina?

A

since it is chemically inert, can be used for filler, paint, sunscreen and glass

it is also an effective desiccant.

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10
Q

what ion does an element become if it loses an electron?

A

postive ion

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11
Q

what ion does an element become if it gains an electron?

A

negative ion

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12
Q

what is the equation of alumina acting as a base?

A

AL2O3+6HCL—> 2ALCL3+3H20

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13
Q

what is the equation for alumina acting as a acid?

A

AL2O3+6NaOH+3H2O—>2Na2AL(OH)6

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14
Q

how are salts formed?

A

salts are formed when h+ ions in acids are replaced with another positive ion. this is usually with either a metal ion or ammonium.

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15
Q

what is the chemical formula of ammonium?

A

NH4+

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16
Q

what are metal oxides?

A

metal oxides are bases. bases react with acids to form salt and water.

17
Q

what is the equation of metal oxides?

A

metal oxides+ acid–> salt+ water

18
Q

give an example of metal oxide.

A

CaO+2HCI–> CaCl2+H20

19
Q

what are metal hydroxides?

A

they’re alkalis. alkali is a base dissolving in water to form OH- ions.

20
Q

what is the equation of metal hydroxides?

A

metal hydroxides+ acid–> salt + water

21
Q

what do metals form?

A

positive ions

22
Q

what do non metals form?

A

negative ions or none sometimes

23
Q

why are metals more reactive down the periodic table?

A

because the outermost shell is far from the nucleus.

24
Q

what bonding do metals have?

A

they have metallic bonding

25
Q

what are some properties of metals?

A

they’re:
- malleable
-great conductors of heat
-high mp&bp
-shiny
-sonorous( make sound)

26
Q

properties of non metals

A

-poor conductivity
-low mp&bp
-brittle
-low density
-dull
most of them are gaseous

27
Q

what is meant by effluent?

A

liquid waste that is discharged into a river or stream

28
Q

what happens when factories use sulfuric acid?

A

it can make the effluent acidic, which can lower the pH of the water, damaging the environment.

29
Q

what can you do to increase the pH?

A

bases can react with acids such as calcium hydroxide, which will form salt and water, neutralising the pH of the water.

30
Q

what is the chemical equation of calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2+H2S04–> CaSo4+2H20

31
Q

what is meant by refractory material?

A

Refractory material is material that is physically and chemically stable at very high temperatures

32
Q

how is alumina a refractory material? and what is it used for?

A

it maintains its strengths at high temps and its chemically and physically stable.

its an excellent material to be used inside furnaces and reactors.

33
Q

why are transition metals and compounds useful catalysts within industries?

A

allow reactions to take place at lower temperatures:

which reduces the amount of energy needed in industries and reduces costs of production.

they also provide alternative reaction pathways with lower activational energy.

34
Q

what are catalysts?

A

substances that increase rate of reaction

35
Q

what is activation energy?

A

the minimum amount of energy needed between colliding particles to have a successful collision to take place.

unit 5 (3 decks)

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