B3

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular function

Question 2

Muscular tissue

Answer 2

Contracts to move whatever it’s attached to

Question 3

Glandular tissue

Answer 3

Makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones

Question 4

Epithelial tissue

Answer 4

Covers some parts of the body

Question 5

Cells

Answer 5

The basic building blocks making up all living organisms

Question 6

Organ

Answer 6

A group of different tissues working to perform a certain function

Question 7

Organ system

Answer 7

A group of organs working together to form a particular function

Question 8

Function of small intestine

Answer 8

To digest food
To absorb soluble food molecules

Question 9

Function of large intestine

Answer 9

Absorbing water from undigested food, leaving faeces

Question 10

A catalyst

Answer 10

A substance increasing the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 11

How does amylase break starch down

Answer 11

The enzyme amylase breaks starch down to maltose

Question 12

Effect of PH on enzyme activity practical

Answer 12

1) Put a drop of iodine solution into each well of a spotting tile.
2) Place a bunsen burner on a heat-proof mat, and a tripod/gauze over the Bunsen burner. Put a beaker of water on top of the tripod and heat the water until it’s 35C(thermometer measures temperature). Keep a constant temperature of the water through the experiment.
3) Use a syringe to add 1cm3 of amylase solution and 1cm3 of buffer solution with a ph of 5 to a boiling tube. Using test tube holders, place the tube in a beaker of water and wait for five minutes.
4)Use a different syringe to add 5cm3 of starch solution to the boiling tube.
5)Mix the contents of the boiling tube and start a stop clock.
6)Use continuous sampling to record how long it takes for the amylase to break down all the starch. Use a dropping pipette to take a fresh sample from the boiling tube every 30 seconds and put a drop into a well. When the iodine solution remains browny-orange, starch’s no longer present.
7)Repeat the experiment with buffer solutions of different PH values - control variables include concentration and volume of amylase solution.

Question 13

Rate of reaction(for something changing over time)

Answer 13

Amount of product formed/changed divided by time

Question 14

Normal rate of reaction

Answer 14

1000/time

Question 15

Where is amylase made

Answer 15

The salivary glands
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 16

Where are lipases made

Answer 16

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 17

Where are proteases made

Answer 17

The stomach
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 18

Uses of products of digestion

Answer 18

Make new carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Some glucose made is used in respiration

Question 19

Where is bile stored before being released into the small intestine

Answer 19

Gall bladder

Question 20

What are protease enzymes called in the stomach?

Answer 20

Pepsin

Question 21

Functions of hydrochloric acid

Answer 21

To kill bacteria
To give the right PH for the protease enzyme to work(PH2- acidic)

Question 22

Functions of stomach

Answer 22

Pummels the food with muscular walls
Produces the protease enzyme pepsin
Produces hydrochloric acid

Question 22

Function of rectum

Answer 22

Where the faeces are stored before bidding a farewell through the anus.

Question 23

Preparing a food sample(before every food test)

Answer 23

1)Get a piece of food and break it up using a pestle and mortar
2)Transfer the ground up food to a beaker and add some distilled water.
3)Give the mixture a good stir with a glass rod to dissolve some of the food,
4)Filter the solution using a funnel lined with filter paper to get rid of the solid bits of food

Question 24

Benedict’s Test

Answer 24

1) Prepare a food sample and transfer 5cm3 to a test tube.
2)Prepare a water bath for 75C
3)Add 10 drops of Benedict’s solution to the test tube using a pipette
4) Place the test tube in the water bath using a test tube holder and leave it for 5 minutes: ensure the tube is pointing away from you. Solution turns green/yellow/brick-red if reducing sugars are present

Question 25

How to test for presence of starch

Answer 25

1)Make a food sample, transfer 5cm3 to test tube.
2)Add a few drops of iodine solution fand shake the tube to mix the contents. The solution will change from browny-orange to blue-black if starch is present.

Question 26

How to test for proteins(Biuret test

Answer 26

1)Prepare a sample of your food, add 2cm3 of the sample to a test tube.
2)Add 2cm3 of biuret solution to the sample, mix the contents of the tube by gently shaking it.
3) If the food sample contains protein, the solution will change from blue to people

Question 27

How to test for lipids

Answer 27

1) Prepare a sample of food and transfer 5cm3 of it to a test tube.
2)Use a pipette to add 3 drops of Sudan III stain solution to the test tube, gently shake the tube.
3) If the sample contains lipids, the mixture will separate into two layers, with the top layer bright red.

Question 28

Examples of simple sugars

Answer 28

Glucose
Sucrose

Question 29

Examples of complex carbohydrates

Answer 29

Starch
Cellulose

Question 30

What are most carbohydrates you eat broken down into?

Answer 30

Glucose used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in your cells

Question 31

Uses of lipids

Answer 31

Useful in nervous system
Useful as hormones in cell membrane

Question 32

Structure of lipids

Answer 32

The glycerol is always the same, but the fatty acids vary, which affects whether the lipid will be a liquid oil or solid fat

Question 33

Protein uses

Answer 33

Antibodies, which destroy pathogens and are part of the immune system
Enzymes, which act as catalysts

Question 34

What do enzymes control?

Answer 34

The metabolism - sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 35

Alkaline areas in body

Answer 35

Mouth
Small intestine

Question 36

Why are proteins broken dowm

Answer 36

Stomach
Small intestine

Question 37

Where are lipase enzymes made

Answer 37

Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 38

Purpose of mucus in stomach

Answer 38

Coats stomach walls - protects them from being digested by the acid and enzymes. If someone develops a stomach ulcer, the protecting mucus is lost and the stomach lining is attacked by the acid and protein-digesting enzymes

Question 39

Gall stones

Answer 39

They block the gall bladder and bile duct - stop bile releasing on food, reducing the efficiency of digestion

Question 40

Where is starch digested

Answer 40

Mouth
Small intestine