B2Ch1 Health and Lifestyle Flashcards
What are nutrients?
Important substances that we get from food
Why do we need carbohydrates?
They provide energy
Why do we need lipids (fats and oils)?
They provide energy and insulation
Why do we need protein?
For growth and repair
Why do we need minerals?
They keep us healthy (eg calcium helps build bones)
Why do we need vitamins?
They help keep us healthy (eg Vitamin A is needed for good eyesight)
Why do we need fibre?
It provides bulk to help keep food moving through the gut
Which chemical is used to test whether starch is present in food? What happens when starch is present?
Iodine. It turns from yellow to blue/black
Which chemical is used to test whether sugar is present in food? What happens when sugar is present?
Benedict’s Solution. It turns from blue to orange/red.
Which chemical is used to test whether protein is present in food? What happens when protein is present?
Biuret solution. It turns from pale blue to purple/lilac.
Which chemical is used to test whether lipids are present in food? What happens when lipids are present?
Ethanol. It forms a cloudy layer on water.
What word do we use to describe someone who is extremely overweight?
Obese
What are some of the health risks of being overweight?
heart disease, stroke, diabetes, some cancers
What word do we use to describe a situation where someone is not getting enough food to eat?
Starvation
What are some of the health risks of being underweight?
poor immune system, lack of energy, tiredness, lack of minerals and vitamins
What word is used to describe not getting enough of a particular vitamin or mineral?
deficiency
What is the job of the mouth in the digestive system?
Chews food and mixes it with saliva
What is the job of the oesophagus (gullet) in the digestive system?
Squeezes the food down to the stomach
What is the job of the stomach in the digestive system?
Mixes the food up with digestive juices and acid
What is the job of the small intestine in the digestive system?
Now that the nutrients have been broken down into smaller molecules, they can be absorbed into the blood
What is the job of the large intestine in the digestive system?
Water is absorbed into the blood, while undigested food is pushed towards the rectum
What is the job of the rectum in the digestive system?
Undigested food - now called faeces - is stored here ready to expelled from the body
What are enzymes?
Special proteins in the digestive system that act like chemical scissors - they break nutrients down into smaller molecules
What are medicinal drugs?
Drugs that benefit your health in some way
What are recreational drugs?
Drugs that people use for enjoyment, to help them relax, or for some other reason that isn’t about improving health.
What do we mean if we say someone is ‘addicted’ to drugs?
They have become dependent on the drug - they have to keep on taking the drug just to feel normal.
What are ‘withdrawal symptoms’?
These are unpleasant effects when someone stops taking a drug they are addicted to.
What sort of drug is alcohol and what are the effects of drinking it?
A recreational drug. It is a depressant - it slows down reactions. It can cause liver damage.
What sort of drug is nicotine?
Nicotine is a stimulant - it speeds up your heart rate
Which chemical in cigarette smoke causes cancer?
Tar
What is the effect of carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke?
It stops the blood from carrying as much oxygen as normal
