B2a: Specialised Cells

Question 0

How is palisade leaf cell adapted for photosynthesis? (4)

Answer 0

Many chloroplasts — photosynthesis
More at the top= more light
Tall shape= more surface area to absorb CO2
Thin= more can fit at the top of the leaf

Question 1

Name some specialised cells (5)

Answer 1

Palisade Leaf cell
Guard cells
Red blood cell
Sperm
Egg

Question 2

How are guard cells adapted? (5)

Answer 2

Kidney shape— opens and closes stomata
Opens stomata when lots of water— gases exchanged for photosynthesis
Short of water— stomata close— stop vapour escaping
Thin outer walls
Thick inner walls
Sensitive to light, close at night save water

Question 3

How are red blood cells adapted?

Answer 3

Concave- big surface area — absorb oxygen
Lots of haemoglobin- to absorb oxygen
No nucleus— more haemoglobin

Question 4

How is the egg adapted?

Answer 4

Huge food reserves for embryo

Changes structure to stop more sperm getting in, right amount of DNA

Question 5

How is a sperm adapted?

Answer 5

Long tail
Streamlined to help swim
Mitochondria, energy
Enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane