B2.6 Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration Flashcards
What controls the chemical reactions in cells?
Enzymes
During aerobic respiration chemical reactions occur that do two things. What are they?
- Uses glucose and oxygen
- Produces energy
What is the chemical word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
What three things happen to the body during exercise?
- Heart rate increases
- Breathing rate increases
- Breathing depth increases
Exercise increases the blood flow to the muscles.
What effect does this have on the chemicals in aerobic respiration?
- Increases the supply of glucose and oxygen
- Increases the removal of carbon dioxide
How do muscles store glucose and what can they do with this substance later?
- Glucose is stored as glycogen
- Converts back to glucose for use during exercise
What are the uses for energy released in aerobic respiration?
- To enable muscle contraction
- Mammals/Birds= To maintain body temperature
- Plants= to build nutrients (e.g. nitrates, sugars) into amino acids–> proteins
When is anaerobic respiration used and what is the chemical word equation?
- Used when the muscles don’t get enough oxygen
- glucose —> lactic acid (+energy)
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration releases less energy
What does anaerobic respiration result in and what must happen?
-Results in an oxygen debt
-Must be repaid to oxidise
lactic acid —> carbon dioxide + water
What happens to a fatigued muscle?
Give a cause of muscle fatigue
- It stops contracting efficiently
- The build up of lactic acid in the muscles
How can lactic acid be removed?
Blood flowing through the muscles
