B2.5 Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made up of?
Long chains of amino acids
What does a catalyst do?
Increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up
Proteins act as… (4 things)
- Hormones
- Anitbodies
- Catalysts
- Structural components of tissues such as muscles
What is a biological catalyst called and is it a protein?
- An enzyme
- Yes
What two factors can denature an enzyme?
- Temperature
- pH levels
Where are digestive enzymes produced and where do they go?
- Produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut
- Pass out of the cells into gut where they come into contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown
Where is protease produced and where does it work?
- It is produced in the STOMACH and the PANCREAS
- It works in the STOMACH and the SMALL INTESTINE
What do protease enzymes do?
They catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids
Where is amylase produced and where does it work?
- It is produced in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the PANCREAS
- It works in the MOUTH and in the SMALL INTESTINES
What do amylase enzymes do?
They catalyse the breakdown of starch to sugars
Where is lipase produced and where does it work?
- It is produced in the PANCREAS and the SMALL INTESTINE
- It works in the SMALL INTESTINE
What do lipase enzymes do?
They catalyse the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What are lipids?
Fats and oils
What does the liver produce and where is it stored?
Bile which is stored in the gall bladder
Where is bile released into?
The small intestine
