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Biology (B2) > B2.2 Divide and Develop Key words > Flashcards

B2.2 Divide and Develop Key words Flashcards

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1
Q

Anabolic Steroids

A

Hormones that promote cell growth and division, especially in muscle and bone tissue. Taken by some athletes to build muscle.

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2
Q

Cancer Cell

A

A cell that divides uncontrollably due to faulty genes. It has no Hayflick limit.

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3
Q

Cell Division

A

The process through which one cell splits into two daughter cells.

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Long DNA molecules that carry genetic information.

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5
Q

Continuous Variable

A

A variable that shows a gradual variation in data across a population. One example is height.

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6
Q

Differentiation

A

In cells, the process whereby new cells develop special characteristics to allow them to do their job.

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7
Q

Diploid

A

A cell that contains the full set of 46 chromosomes.

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8
Q

Distribution

A

The range of geographical locations in which a plant is found.

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9
Q

Dry Weight

A

The weight of an object or organism (usually plant matter) that has had its water content removed.

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10
Q

Elongation

A

The increase in the length of plant cells when they absorb water during growth.

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11
Q

Embryo

A

The collection of cells that grows from a fertilised egg in animals. The next stage in development after the zygote.

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12
Q

Foetus

A

The name for an embryo after the eighth week of development in the womb.

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13
Q

Full-term

A

The end of a pregnancy, between 37 and 40 weeks after conception, when the baby is fully developed for life outside the womb.

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14
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells, such as sperm, ova and pollen.

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15
Q

Genes

A

Sequences of DNA inside chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism.

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16
Q

Genetic Modification

A

Changing the genetic characteristics of an organism by manipulating genes and introducing them into DNA.

17
Q

Growth

A

A permanent increase in the size or mass of an organism.

18
Q

Growth Factor

A

A substance that stimulates the growth of cells. Artificial growth factors may be used to enhance the way the body works.

19
Q

Haploid

A

A cell that contains 23 (half ) the full number of chromosomes. Produced by meiosis.

20
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals produced by a living organism which regulate growth, metabolism, and other important processes.

21
Q

Impotence

A

The inability to produce offspring.

22
Q

Inheritance

A

A term used to describe the passing of genes from parents to offspring.

23
Q

Initiation

A

The process by which plants start to produce fruit.

24
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces sex cells with half the full number of chromosomes.

25
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell division that produces cells for growth, repair or the replacement of older cells.

26
Q

Nucleus

A

In biology the part of both plant and animal cells that contain its genetic material (chromosomes and DNA). It directs and controls the activities of the cell.

27
Q

Nutrients

A

The chemicals needed by an organism to grow.

28
Q

Organ

A

A collection of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.

29
Q

Ovum

A

An egg cell, found in females.

30
Q

Regeneration

A

The special ability of some organisms to regrow parts of their bodies.

31
Q

Selective Breeding

A

Breeding plants or animals from individuals that have the characteristics you most want.

32
Q

Species

A

A group of living things sharing the same characteristics.

33
Q

Sperm

A

A male sex cell.

34
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells that have the ability to become any type of cell in an organism. Found in large quantities in developing embryos.

35
Q

Termination

A

Deliberately ending a pregnancy.

36
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of similar cells that perform the same function.

37
Q

Viability

A

The ability of a foetus to live outside the womb.

38
Q

Wet Weight

A

The weight of a living organism, including its water content.

39
Q

Zygote

A

An ovum that has been fertilised by a sperm cell.

Biology (B2) (4 decks)

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