B2.1 Inside Living Cells Key words

Question 1

Adenine

Answer 1

A base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with Thymine/Uracil.

Question 2

Aerobic

Answer 2

A process using oxygen. Aerobic respiration is respiration that needs oxygen.

Question 3

Amino Acids

Answer 3

One of about 20 different small molecules that link together in long chains to form proteins. Often called the building blocks of proteins.

Question 4

Anaerobic

Answer 4

A process that does not use oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is respiration that does not need oxygen.

Question 5

Aseptic

Answer 5

Conditions that are free from contamination by unwanted microorganisms. Aseptic precautions are

Question 6

Bases

Answer 6

Chemical groups making up part of the DNA and RNA molecules. The order of bases in the DNA forms

Question 7

Capillary

Answer 7

Very small blood vessel with walls one cell thick. The site of exchange of materials between the

Question 8

Coding

Answer 8

The strand of DNA that carries the genetic code.

Question 9

Cramp

Answer 9

Muscle pain caused by build-up of lactic acid when a muscle is overworked.

Question 10

Cultivated

Answer 10

The growth of organisms, such as plants and microorganisms, in controlled conditions.

Question 11

Culture Medium

Answer 11

A liquid in which microorganisms are grown.

Question 12

Cytosine

Answer 12

A base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with Guanine.

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

The movement of molecules from a region where they are at a high concentration to a region where they are at a low concentration.

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

The chemical that makes up genes (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Question 15

Double Helix

Answer 15

The shape of the DNA molecule, like a twisted ladder.

Question 16

Enzymes

Answer 16

Proteins in cells that control chemical reactions. They are biological catalysts.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

Using microorganisms to break down nutrients into useful products.

Question 18

Genes

Answer 18

Sequences of DNA inside chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism.

Question 19

Genetic code

Answer 19

The instructions carried by the DNA for making a cell and telling it what to do.

Question 20

Glucose

Answer 20

A simple sugar that is broken down in cells to release energy. It is also produced during photosynthesis.

Question 21

Guanine

Answer 21

A base found in DNA and RNA that pairs with Cytosine.

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

A protein hormone that controls the level of blood glucose.

Question 23

Lactic Acid

Answer 23

The waste product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.

Question 24

Messenger RNA

Answer 24

A type of RNA that carries the genetic code out from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during protein synthesis.

Question 25

Microorganism

Answer 25

A very small organism that can only be seen through a microscope. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are examples of microorganisms.

Question 26

Organelle

Answer 26

A part of a cell with a specific function, such as the nucleus.

Question 27

Polypeptide

Answer 27

A long chain of amino acids. A protein is made of one or more polypeptides folded into a particular shape.