B2.1 - What are the causes of disease

Question 1

What is a disease?

Answer 1

Diseases are abnormal conditions that affect an organism’s body, organs, tissues or cells

Question 2

give examples of 3 symptoms

Answer 2

1. Chest pains
2. Runny nose
3. headache

Question 3

Name the two types of diseases (2 marks)

Answer 3

1. communicable
2. non-communicable

Question 4

What is a communicable disease and what can it be caused by? (2 marks)

Answer 4

1. Caused by pathogens
2. Can be transferred from person to person or organism to organism

Question 5

Give 3 examples of Communicable diseases. (3 marks)

Answer 5

Malaria,
Measles
and food poisoning

Question 6

What causes diseases? (3)

Answer 6

pathogens
the environment
lifestyle
or a mixture of these

Question 7

what is a non-communicable disease? What is it caused by?

Answer 7

Disease which cannot be transferred from one person to another

caused by a person’s lifestyle, environment or their genes

Question 8

Name 3 examples of non-communicable diseases (3 marks)

Answer 8

Any of the following 3
Cancer
Diabetes
Heart Disease
Genetics
Neurological
Cystic Fibrosis

Question 9

What other factors that can have major effects on physical and mental health?

Answer 9

Diet
Stress
Lifestyle

Question 10

What is a pathogen?

Answer 10

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Protist (microorganisms) that can cause diseases.

Question 11

What do pathogens secrete?

Answer 11

Toxins

Question 12

Which of these terms is the scientific term for the passing of a disease from one organism to another

Answer 12

Transmission

Question 13

Example of disease caused by Virus in humans and plants (2 marks)

Answer 13

HIV / Aids / Influenza (flu) (humans)
Tobacco mosaic virus (Plants)

Question 14

Example of disease caused by bacteria in humans and plants (2 marks)

Answer 14

Salmonella (humans)
Crown-gall disease (Agrobacterium) (Plants)

Question 15

Example of disease caused by protist in humans and plants (2 marks)

Answer 15

Malaria (humans)
Downy Mildew (Plants)

Question 16

Example of disease caused by fungi in humans and plants (2 marks)

Answer 16

Athlete’s foot (humans)
Black rose spot / Ash dieback (Plants)

Question 17

Name and explain the 5 ways in which diseases are spread

Answer 17

Direct contact - touching e.g handshake, can be sexual or non-sexual.

Water - Dirty water can transmit many diseases, such as the cholera bacterium.

Air - when someone who is ill sneezes and sprays tiny droplets containing the virus particles.

Unhygienic food preparation - under cooked food have bacteria which can cause diseases such as salmonella food poisoning.

Vector - Malaria is spread by mosquitoes. Any organism that can spread a disease is called a vector.

Question 18

Mosquitos can pass malarial parasites from one human to another. What name is given to an organism that transmits a disease?

Answer 18

Vector

Question 19

What type of pathogen causes food poisoning (Salmonella)

Answer 19

Bacteria

Question 20

What type of pathogen causes athlete’s foot?

Answer 20

Fungi

Question 21

What type of pathogen causes malaria?

Answer 21

Protist

Question 22

What type of pathogen causes HIV/ Aids?

Answer 22

Virus

Question 23

How do Pathogens cause symptoms

Answer 23

1. release toxins
2. damaging cells by invading and reproducing

Question 24

What is the incubation period

Answer 24

Time taken between infection and appearance of symptoms.

Question 25

Why does it take time for symptoms to show after being affected?

Answer 25

There has to be a large number of pathogens present.

Question 26

Name one similarity between bacteria and viruses

Answer 26

Both reproduce rapidly inside the body

Question 27

explain the difference between bacteria and viruses

Answer 27

Bacteria produce toxins that damage tissues whereas Viruses live and reproduce inside cells causing cell damage