B2.1 The Building Blocks Of Life Flashcards
What are the 3 main features of an animal cell?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
What additional 3 features are also found in a plant cell?
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
What is the name of the organelle in which respiration occurs?
Mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
Where is the DNA located in a cell?
In the nucleus
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What happens in the cytoplasm?
The chemical reactions that happen on a cell occur here.
Which bases pair up in a strand of DNA?
Cytosine and Guanine
Adenine and Thymine
Which four scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson, Crick, Franklin and Wilkins
Where does protein synthesis occur?
In the ribosomes
What are the three types of mutations you can get?
Harmful- a mutation that causes a genetic disorder
Beneficial- a mutation that produces a new characteristic
Neutral - a mutation that doesn’t affect a proteins function.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts. They speed up reactions without being used up themselves.
How are enzymes specific?
Their active site only fits one type of substrate molecule- they are specific to that substrate molecule.
What is a denatured enzyme?
An enzyme where the active site has changed shape. These enzymes cannot be used now.
What factors can denature an enzyme?
pH
Temperature
What was the human genome project?
The project to map out the 25,000 genes that make up a human.
