B2.1 Cells,tissues and organs Flashcards
Describe a plant cell
Describe an animal cell
What is the nucleus?
The nucleus controls all the activities of the cell
It contains the genes on the chromosomes. They carry the instructions for making new cells of new organisms.
What is the cytoplasm?
A liquid gel in whch most of the chemical reactions take place
What is the cell membrane?
It controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
What are mitochondria?
Structures in the cytplasm where oxygen is used and most of the energy is released during respiration
What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place. All the proteins needed in the cell are made here
What is a cell wall?
Made of cellolose-strengthens and gives support
What are chloroplasts?
contains chlorophyll - photosynthesis takes place here
What is a permanent vacuole?
filled with cell sap and used to keep the cell inshape/supported
What is different about a bacteria cell?
A bacteria cell consists of cytoplasm and membrance surrounded by a cell wall. The genes are not in a distinct nucleas
What is different about yeast cells?
Yeast is a single-celled organism. Each cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
Name 4 examples of specialised cells (2 plant, 2 animal)
sperm,red blood cell,root hair cell,leaf cell
What are the functions and adaptations of a red blood cell?
Function: to carry oxygen
Adaptations: Large surface area, no nucleus-contains haemoglobin(that joins with oxygen), thin outer membrane(easy diffusion),
What are the functions and adaptations of a sperm cell?
Function: fertilise an egg cell
Adaptations: head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrance, middle section has mitochondria for energy
What are the functions and adaptations of a root hair cell?
Function: absorbs water and minerals
Adaptions: lond finer like process with very thin wall,large surface area,helps speeds up osmosis, elongated to reach far into the soil, large vacuole to store solutes, thin walls reducing the distamce of diffusion
What are the functions and adaptations of a leaf cell?
Function: absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
Adaptations: large surface area, lots of chloroplasts, large vacuole-restricts chloroplasts to a layer near the outside of the cell where they can reach the light more easily, thin cell walls allowing gases to diffuse easily through them
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area where they are at HIGH concentration to an area where they are at a LOW concentration
What increases the rate of diffusion?
The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion
What are cells?
tiny building blocks that make up all living things
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function
What is an organ?
made of different tissues that work together to do particular jobs
What is an organ system?
different organs working together as part of an organ system eg. circularatory system
