B2.1 Cells,tissues and organs

Question 1

Describe a plant cell

Answer 1

Question 2

Describe an animal cell

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the nucleus?

Answer 3

The nucleus controls all the activities of the cell

It contains the genes on the chromosomes. They carry the instructions for making new cells of new organisms.

Question 4

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

A liquid gel in whch most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 5

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 5

It controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Question 6

What are mitochondria?

Answer 6

Structures in the cytplasm where oxygen is used and most of the energy is released during respiration

Question 7

What are ribosomes?

Answer 7

Where protein synthesis takes place. All the proteins needed in the cell are made here

Question 8

What is a cell wall?

Answer 8

Made of cellolose-strengthens and gives support

Question 9

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 9

contains chlorophyll - photosynthesis takes place here

Question 10

What is a permanent vacuole?

Answer 10

filled with cell sap and used to keep the cell inshape/supported

Question 11

What is different about a bacteria cell?

Answer 11

A bacteria cell consists of cytoplasm and membrance surrounded by a cell wall. The genes are not in a distinct nucleas

Question 12

What is different about yeast cells?

Answer 12

Yeast is a single-celled organism. Each cell has a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Question 13

Name 4 examples of specialised cells (2 plant, 2 animal)

Answer 13

sperm,red blood cell,root hair cell,leaf cell

Question 14

What are the functions and adaptations of a red blood cell?

Answer 14

Function: to carry oxygen

Adaptations: Large surface area, no nucleus-contains haemoglobin(that joins with oxygen), thin outer membrane(easy diffusion),

Question 15

What are the functions and adaptations of a sperm cell?

Answer 15

Function: fertilise an egg cell

Adaptations: head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrance, middle section has mitochondria for energy

Question 16

What are the functions and adaptations of a root hair cell?

Answer 16

Function: absorbs water and minerals

Adaptions: lond finer like process with very thin wall,large surface area,helps speeds up osmosis, elongated to reach far into the soil, large vacuole to store solutes, thin walls reducing the distamce of diffusion

Question 17

What are the functions and adaptations of a leaf cell?

Answer 17

Function: absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Adaptations: large surface area, lots of chloroplasts, large vacuole-restricts chloroplasts to a layer near the outside of the cell where they can reach the light more easily, thin cell walls allowing gases to diffuse easily through them

Question 18

What is diffusion?

Answer 18

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area where they are at HIGH concentration to an area where they are at a LOW concentration

Question 19

What increases the rate of diffusion?

Answer 19

The greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 20

What are cells?

Answer 20

tiny building blocks that make up all living things

Question 21

What is a tissue?

Answer 21

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function

Question 22

What is an organ?

Answer 22

made of different tissues that work together to do particular jobs

Question 23

What is an organ system?

Answer 23

different organs working together as part of an organ system eg. circularatory system