B2 Science

Question 1

Cell cycle

Answer 1

Body cells divide in a series of stages known as the cell cycle.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

This is the division of cells involving the process of mitosis and this is the production of two identical cells.

Question 3

Mitotic division

Answer 3

This is the division of cells through duplicating themselves.

Question 4

Differentiation

Answer 4

The process of a stem cell becoming specialised.

Question 5

Cloning

Answer 5

Producing identical offspring also known as cloning.

Question 6

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 6

These are the cells of a embryo which form a living organism.

Question 7

Adult stem cells

Answer 7

Stem cells are formed within adults as well as embryos.

Question 8

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 8

Uses cells from an adult to produce a cloned early embryo of themselves which could then be used for growing organs etc for the donor.

Question 9

Adult Stem Cells

Answer 9

stem cells that are found in adults that can differentiate and form a limited number of cells

Question 10

Cell cycle

Answer 10

the three-stage process of cell division in a body cell that involves mitosis and results in the formation of two identical daughter cells

Question 11

Cloning

Answer 11

the production of identical offspring by asexual reproduction

Question 12

Differentiate

Answer 12

the process where cells become specialised for a particular function

Question 13

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 13

stem cells from an early embryo that can differentiate to form the specialised cells of the body

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

part of the cell cycle where one set of new chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell forming two identical nuclei during cell division

Question 15

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 15

a process where an embryo is produced that is genetically identical to the patient so the cells can then be used in medical treatments

Question 16

Zygote

Answer 16

the single new cell formed by the fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction

Question 17

Anaphase

Answer 17

stage in mitosis where chromosomes begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell.

Question 18

Allele

Answer 18

an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

Question 19

Asters

Answer 19

radial microtubule arrays found in animal cells that help to manipulate chromosomes during cell division.

Question 20

Cytokinesis

Answer 20

division of the cytoplasm that produces distinct daughter cells.

Question 21

Daughter cell

Answer 21

a cell resulting from the replication and division of a single parent cell.

Question 22

Cell membrane

Answer 22

a thin semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell.

Question 24

Daughter chromosome

Answer 24

a chromosome that results from the separation of sister chromatids during cell division.

Question 25

Diploid cell

Answer 25

a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. One set of chromosomes is donated from each parent.

Question 26

Interphase

Answer 26

stage in the cell cycle where a cell doubles in size and synthesizes DNA in preparation for cell division.

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

cell organelles that convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell.

Question 28

Meiosis

Answer 28

a two-part cell division process in organisms that sexually reproduce. Meiosis results in gametes with one-half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 29

Nucleus

Answer 29

a membrane-bound structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.

Question 30

Organelles

Answer 30

tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation.

Question 31

Prokaryote

Answer 31

single-celled organisms that are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on earth.

Question 32

Prophase

Answer 32

stage in cell division where chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes.

Question 33

Ribosomes

Answer 33

cell organelles that are responsible for assembling proteins.

Question 34

Meiosis

Answer 34

The process by which organisms that produce sexually produce sex cells; egg & sperm, through the seperation of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell into 4 chromatids and distributes those chromatids into 4 diffrent cells.

Question 35

Cytokinesis

Answer 35

The process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells following the telophase of Mitosis and Meiosis.

Question 36

Replication

Answer 36

The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA found within the nucleus.

Question 37

Crhomatid

Answer 37

1/2 of the structure of a chomosome

Question 38

Centromere

Answer 38

The center structure within a chromosome that joins the chromatids

Question 39

Spindle fibre

Answer 39

Fiber-like structure that pulls or seperates the chromosomes into the daughter cells during cell division.