B1 Science

Question 1

Osmosis

Answer 1

a process by which molecules/atom of a 
solvent/solution tend to pass through a 
permeable/partially permeable membrane 
from a less concentrated/more 
concentrated solution into a less 
concentrated/more concentrated one.

Question 2

Digestion

Answer 2

Digestion breaks down large food molecules into
smaller molecules such as glucose, amino acids and
fatty acids that can be easily absorbed.

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

The particles go from high to low concentration.

Question 4

Diffusion - Photosynthesis

Answer 4

Photosynthesis uses diffusion by taking sunlight and c02 and transferring it into usable energy. It makes this energy so it can grow bigger and stronger throughout the plants life. The plants use carbon dioxide to diffuse in and diffuses out the oxygen.

Question 5

Diffusion - Digestive system

Answer 5

The digestive system has a large surface area as well therefore the most amount of energy can be taken in and used for working the body. The energy is then diffused into the blood stream to give it energy to grow and move around every dya.

Question 6

Rate of diffusion

Answer 6

Concentration Gradient increased - makes diffusion faster,

Having a large surface area and being able to be thin for short distances.

Question 7

Diffusion - lungs

Answer 7

Diffusion of the lungs occurs when alveoli diffuses in oxygen and carbon dioxide goes out. Alveoli have adapted to have a large surface area which helps to diffuse the largest amount of oxygen as possible. The energy crated from the lungs diffuses through the alveoli into the blood stream to give it the energy it needs.

Question 8

Osmosis - water molecules

Answer 8

Water moves by osmosis from a dilute solution to the more concentrated solution (less water)

Question 9

Osmosis in animal cells

Answer 9

Animal cells placed in a concentrated solution will shrink as water goes out however when placed in a dilute or still solution they will blow up and this will be called lysis

Question 10

Osmosis - Animal cells - crenation

Answer 10

Crenation is when the animal cell shrinks in size until it can not shrink no more.

Question 11

Osmosis - Animal cells - Lysis

Answer 11

Lysis is when an animal cell increases in size so much that it eventually blows up after becoming too big.

Question 12

Osmosis - Plant Cell

Answer 12

In a concentrated solution a plant cell will get smaller and get larger when placed in a dilute solution

Question 13

Plasmolysis

Answer 13

Plasmolysis is where the cell wall stays the same size however the cytoplasm shrinks inside the cell wall.

Question 14

Active Transport

Answer 14

Molecules going From a low to high against the concentration gradient. Active transport is when the ions or water moves from low to high concentrations.

Question 15

Magnification

Answer 15

Magnification
To work out magnification you need to do the equation.

Magnification= size of image
—————-
Size of real object

Question 16

Microscopes

Answer 16

Microscopes can make things look alot bigger than they really are and it is the resolving power of a microscope that affects how much detail is shown.

Question 17

Light Microscopes

Answer 17

Light microscopes have a resolving power of around 200nm

Question 18

Electron Microscopes

Answer 18

electron microscope has a resolving power of 0.2nm

Question 19

Animal Cell

Answer 19

The main parts of an animal cell is the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes.

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

Cytoplasm is a liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended

Question 21

Nucleus

Answer 21

A nucleus controlls all activities of the cell and is surrounded by nuclear membrane.

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Mitochondria are structures in the cytoplasm where respiration takes place.

Question 23

Ribosomes

Answer 23

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place.

Question 24

Order Of Magnitude

Answer 24

Orders of magnitude are used to approximate comparisons between numbers or objects. If one number is 10x bigger than the other then the order of magnitude is bigger.

Question 25

When cells become specialised they…

Answer 25

When cells become specialised they are better at what they have to do. For example a specialised nerve cell does a better job at the nerves.

Question 26

Nerve Cells

Answer 26

The nerve cell shown in the diagram is specialised to carry nerve impulses from one place to another. These nerve cells can be up to 25 metres long!

Question 27

Sperm Cell

Answer 27

sperm cell, they are specialised to contain genetic information from the male parent.

Question 28

Striated muscle cell

Answer 28

a striated muscle cell and is specialised to contract and relax.

Question 29

Phloem Cells

Answer 29

Phloem cells are specialised to transport tissue that carries food made by photosynthesis around the plants body. They make the food usable and help the plant to grow.

Question 30

Root hair cell

Answer 30

root hair cell, these are adapted to increase surface area for water to move easier, they have a permanent vacuole to speed up water by osmosis and have many mitochondria for mineral transport.

Question 31

Photosynthesis cell

Answer 31

Photosynthesis cells are cells that contain specialised green structures called chloroplasts, these trap light needed for photosynthesis. They are positioned in continuous layers and have a large permanent vacuole inside them.

Question 32

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 32

Eukaryotic cells are those from plants or animals. They all have a cell membrane,cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in the nucleus.

Question 33

Prokaryote cell

Answer 33

A prokaryote is a bacteria or single celled living organisms. They are so small that they can not be seen with a naked eye.

Question 34

Chloroplast

Answer 34

Chloroplasts are found in all the green bits of the plant and this is because they contain chlorophyll, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight which can be used as energy.

Question 35

Vacuole cell

Answer 35

A permanent Vacuole is the space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. It gives support to the plant.

Question 36

Turgid

Answer 36

Turgid a plant cell with too dilute solution

Question 37

Alveoli

Answer 37

They are very thin – only one cell thick.
They are covered by a network of fine capillaries,
enabling gases to pass almost directly between
the lungs and bloodstream.
They are moist, encouraging gas molecules to
easily dissolve.
They have a large combined surface area,
allowing large amounts of gases to be
exchanged with each breath.

Question 38

Cross section through an alveolus

Answer 38

Alveoli are the tiny air sacs at the end of the

bronchioles, in which gas exchange occurs.

Question 39

Breathing

Answer 39

Oxygen in inhaled air diffuses
through the lungs and into the
bloodstream. The oxygen is
then transported throughout
the body.
Carbon dioxide is the waste gas produced by
respiration. Carbon dioxide diffuses from body tissues
into the bloodstream and is exhaled via the lungs.

Question 40

Villi

Answer 40

These are exactly the same as the villi, except a lot smaller.

Question 41

Surface area : volume ration

Answer 41

As objects become bigger this ratio will get smaller

Question 42

Xylem Cells

Answer 42

This is the cell in which active transport carries water and minerals up the plant.

Question 43

Relative sizes

Answer 43

This tells us how big things are compared to another thing

Question 44

To calculate magnification

Answer 44

You calculate magnification of eye piece by magnification of objective lens.

Question 45

Synapse

Answer 45

Of a nerve cell is used to transmit impulses

Question 46

Isotonic

Answer 46

If concentration of solutes is same as internal concentration then its isotonic.

Question 47

Hypertonic

Answer 47

If the concentration of the solute in the solution outside the cell is higher than inside then it is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 48

Hypotonic

Answer 48

If the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is lower then inside cell is hypotonic.