B2 Organisation Flashcards
what is a tissue?
it is a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function
what are examples of tissues?
- muscular tissue: contract (shortens) to move whatever it attached to
- glandular tissue: males and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
- epithelial tissue: covers some parts of the body e.g. inside of the gut
what is an organ?
it is a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
give an example of an organ
the stomach
what are organ tissues made of?
- muscular tissue: moves the stomach wall to churn up the food
- glandular tissue: makes digestive juices to digest food
- epithelial tissue: covers the outside and inside of the stomach
what is an organ system?
it is a group of organs working together to perform a particular function
what does the digestive food do?
breaks down and absorbs food
what organs is the digestive system made of?
- glands (e.g. pancreas, salivary glands) : produces digestive juices
- stomach and small intestine: digest food
- liver: produces bile
- small intestine: absorbs soluble food molecules
- large intestine: absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces
what is a chemical reaction?
what make you work
and enzymes are what make the work
what is a catalyst?
it is a substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up in the reaction
what are enzymes?
they are all large proteins and all proteins are made up of chains of amino acids
these chains re folded Into unique shapes, which enzymes need to do their jobs
give examples of big molecules
- starch
- proteins
- fats
what does the digestive system do if molecules are too big ?
they break these big molecules down into smaller ones like sugars, amino acids , glycerol and fatty acids
give an example of carbohydrase
amylase
what does amylase do?
breaks down starch
starch amylase enzyme maltose (and other sugars e.g. dextrins)
where is amylase made?
- the salivary glans
- the pancreas
- the small intestine
what does protease convert to?
proteins into amino acids
proteins protease enzymes amino acids
where are proteases made in?
- the stomach (pepsin)
- the pancreas
- the small intestine
what does lipase convert to?
lipases convert to lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
lipid lipase enzymes glycerol ad fatty acids
where is lipase made in?
- the pancreas
- the small intestine
describe bile
bile is produced in the liver
its stored in the gall bladder before its released into the small intestine
bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
describe the stomach
it pummels the food with its muscular walls
it produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
it produces hydrochloric acid for 2 reasons:
1. to kill bacteria
2. to give the tight PH for the protease enzyme to work
describe the salivary glands
the produce amylase enzyme in the salvia
what is the gullet also called?
oesophagus
describe the gall bladder
where bile is stored before its released into the small intestine
describe the large intestine
where excess water is absorbed from the food
describe the pancreas
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
it relates these into the small intestine
describe the small intestine
produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
this is also where the digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood
what is the circulatory system made up of?
its made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood
how many circulatory systems do humans have?
humans have a double circulatory system - two circuits joined together:
- first one: right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. blood returns to the heart
- second one: left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs of the body. the blood gives up its oxygen at the body cells and deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped out to the lungs again
what is the heart?
the heart is a pumping organ that keeps the blood flowing around the body
the walls of the heart are mostly made of muscle tissues
what does the heart have?
valves to make sure the blood flows in one direction - prevents it flowing backwards
how many chambers does the heart have?
4 - to pump blood round
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
what do the arteries do?
these carry the blood away from the heart
what do the capillaries do?
these are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
what do the veins do?
these carry the blood to the heart
