B2 - Organisation

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function.

Question 2

What is the function of the muscular tissue?

Answer 2

It contracts to move whatever it is attatched to (in the stomach it moves the stomach wall to churn up food)

Question 3

What is the function of the glandular tissue?

Answer 3

It makes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.

Question 4

What is the function of the epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

It covers parts of the body.

Question 5

What is the function of a gland (eg. pancreas, salivary) ?

Answer 5

To produce digestive juices (enzymes).

Question 6

What is the function of the stomach and small intestine?

Answer 6

To digest food.

Question 7

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 7

To produce bile - which aids digestion of lipids.

Question 8

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 8

To absorb soluble food molecules.

Question 9

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 9

To absorb water from undigested food, leaving faeces.

Question 10

What is an enzyme?

Answer 10

A catalyst which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the body.

Question 11

What are the two main parts to the enzyme, needed to fit with eachother in order for the enzyme to work?

Answer 11

The active site, and the subtrate.

Question 12

How do you work out the rate of reaction of an enzyme?

Answer 12

1000 / time

Question 13

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 13

Amylase converts carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Question 14

What is the function of proteases?

Answer 14

Proteases convert protiens into amino acids.

Question 15

What is the function of lipases?

Answer 15

Lipases convert lipids into fatty acids.

Question 16

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 16

It’s where bile is stored, before it’s releases into the small intestine.

Question 17

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 17

The pancreas produces the enzymes; protease, amylase, lipase. Then released into the small intestine.

Question 18

In the lungs, where does gaseous exchange actually take place?

Answer 18

In the alveoli.

Question 19

Where does the air travel through to get to the alveoli?

Answer 19

We breathe our air in through the trachea, which splits into two tubes called bronchi, then splits into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles, then into the alveoli.

Question 20

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

Answer 20

The valves ensure blood flows in rigt direction - prevents it flowing backwards.

Question 21

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 21

They carry the blood away from heart.

Question 22

What is the function of the veins?

Answer 22

The veins carry blood to the heart.

Question 23

What is the function of the capillaries?

Answer 23

They are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues.

Question 24

What is the function of the red blood cells?

Answer 24

Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body?

Question 25

What is the prime function of white blood cells?

Answer 25

White blood cells defend against infection - they produce antibodies to fight microorganisms, and produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins produced the microorganisms.

Question 26

What are platelets and what is thier function?

Answer 26

They are small fragments of cells that help the blood to clot a wound - to stop blood pouring out and viruses getting in.

Question 27

What is plasma?

Answer 27

Plasma is the liquid that carries everything in the blood such as; blood cells, CO₂, hormones, etc.

Question 28

Outline three ways that red blood cells are adpted to carry oxygen?

Answer 28

They have a large surface area, they have no nucleus for more room to carry oxygen and also they contain haemoglobin’s which bind with oxygen.

Question 29

What are stents?

Answer 29

Stents are tubes inserted into arteries to keep them open for blood to flow through - which reduces the risk of a heart attack.

Question 30

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 30

Spead from person - person.

Question 31

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 31

It cannot be spead and generallly last for a long time and get worse slowly such as cancer, etc.

Question 32

In a plant cell, what is the function of the epidermal tissue?

Answer 32

This covers the whole plant.

Question 33

In a plant cell, what happens at the palisade mesophyll tissue?

Answer 33

Photosynthesis.

Question 34

In a plant cell, what happens at the spongy mesophyll tissue?

Answer 34

It contains big air spaces for diffusion of gas.

Question 35

In a plant cell, what is the function of the xylem and phloem?

Answer 35

The transportation of water, food and minerals around the leaf.

Question 36

In a plant cell, what happens at the meristem tissue?

Answer 36

Found at growing tips of the leaf - it is able to diffferentiate for the leaf to grow.

Question 37

What is transpiration?

Answer 37

Transpiration is a side effect of the way leaves are adpted for photosynthesis - specificly the loss of water from the plant.

Question 38

Give three ways that affect transpiration of a plant?

Answer 38

Light intensity, temperature and humidity.

Question 39

What is stomata and what is it’s function?

Answer 39

It is a tiny opening found on the under-surface of a leaf that is used for gas exchange.

Question 40

What is the adapted cell that helps open and close stomata?

Answer 40

Guard cells.