B2 - Organisation Flashcards
1
Q
CELL ORGANISATION STEPS
A
CELLS -> TISSUES -> ORGANS -> ORGAN SYSTEMS
2
Q
CELLS -> TISSUES
A
- > MUSCULAR TISSUE - CONTRACTS TO MOVE
- > GLANDULAR TISSUE - MAKES AND SECRETES CHEMICALS
- > EPITHELIAL TISSUE - COVERS SOME PARTS OF THE BODY
3
Q
TISSUES -> ORGANS
A
- > MUSCULAR TISSUE - MOVES STOMACH WALL TO CHURN UP FOOD
- > GLANDULAR TISSUE - MAKE DIGESTIVE JUICE TO DIGEST FOOD
- > EPITHELIAL TISSUE - COVERS OUTSIDE AND INSIDE OF THE STOMACH
4
Q
ORGANS -> ORGAN SYSTEMS
A
- > GLANDS - PRODUCES DIGESTIVES JUICES
- > STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE - DIGESTS FOOD
- > LIVER - PRODUCES BILE
- > SMALL INTESTINE - ABSORBS FOOD MOLECULES
- > LARGE INTESTINE - ABSORBS WATER FROM UNDIGESTED FOOD
5
Q
ENZYMES ARE..
A
CATALYSTS - A SUBSTANCE WHICH INCREASES THE SPEED OF A REACTION, WITHOUT BEING CHANGED OR USED UP IN THE REACTION
6
Q
ENZYME FACTORS
A
- > LIVING THINGS PRODUCE ENZYMES THAT ACT AS BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS
- > WE HAVE ENZYMES TO SPEED UP USEFUL CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BODY
- > ENZYMES ARE ALL LARGE PROTEINS, WHICH ARE MADE UP OF AMINO ACIDS
7
Q
HOW DO ENZYMES WORK
A
THEY HAVE SPECIAL SHAPES SO THEY CAN CATALYSE REACTIONS
- > EVERY ENZYME HAS AN ACTIVE SITE
- > THE SUBSTRATE HAS TO FIT INTO ITS ACTIVE SITE
- > IF THE SUBSTRATE DOES NOT MATCH WITH THE ACTIVE SITE, THE REACTION WON’T BE CATALYSED
- > DIAGRAMS SHOW A ‘LOCK AND KEY’ MODEL
8
Q
WHAT DO ENZYMES NEED
A
THEY NEED THE RIGHT TEMPERATURE AND PH
- > CHANGING THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES THE RATE OF AN ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION
- > ONCE TOO HOT, THE ENZYMES DENATURE
- > IF PH IS TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW, IT CHANGES THE SHAPE OF THE ENZYME, MAKING IT DENATURE
9
Q
HOW TO CALCULATE THE RATE OF REACTION
A
. 1000
RATE = ____
TIME
