b2 - multi-store model of memory Flashcards
who designed the first model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
what does the multi store model describe?
how information flows through the memory system. it represents how memory works in terms of three stores called sensory register, short term memory and long term memory.
it also describes how informal is remembered and forgotten
what does the sensory register do and how is information passed on?
gets information from our 5 senses
and acts as a filter, any information not attended to, quickly fades away due to trace decay.
how is information passed from SR to STM?
attention
define maintenance rehearsal
when we repeat material to ourselves
what has to happen if we want to recall information from LTM?
retrieval- information has to be transferred back into STM
how is information passed from STM to LTM?
rehearsal
name a study that is evidence of multiple stores in memory
Murdock (1962)
explain Murdocks study for multiple stores in memory
procedure:
gave ppts a list of 15 words.
ppts recalled the items in any order
findings:
more words recalled from the beginning and the end of the list - serial position effect
primary effect - words at start of list recalled because they were rehearsed and passed to LTM
recency effect - words at end of list recalled because they are still in STM - words in middle of list have been pushed out as STM has limited capacity
provides evidence of two separate stores
name a case study that suggest multiple stores in memory
The case of HM, Milner (1962)
explained ‘the case of HM’
HM had surgery to cure his epilepsy - during surgery the hippocampus was destroyed.
after op his STM was normal but was unable to transfer new information from STM to LTM but he could recall old information from LTM.
this suggests the two stores must function separately
one strength of the multi store model
other research supports than TEM and LTM are different - Baddeley
two limitations of the multi store model
evidence of more than one STM store - too simplistic
rehearsal - everyday life things enter LTM without rehearsal
