B2-cell Division Flashcards
In body cells what are chromosomes found in?
Pairs
Body cells divide in a series of stages called the cell cycle
Describe the process of cell division?
Stage 1: the cells grow. Offer, increase their mass, and carry out normal cell activities. Most importantly they replicate their DNA to form two copies of each chromosome ready for cell division. They also increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts ready for the cell to divide.
Stage 2- mitosis: in this process one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing nucleus
Stage 3 this is the stage during which the cytoplasm and the cell membranes also divide to form two identical daughter cells.
Why is mitotic cell division important
Is is important for growth, repair and development in multicellular organisms
What is a stem cell
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell which can give rise to more cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells
What is the name given to the place in which mitosis take place in plant cells throughout life
Meristem
Can plant cells differentiate throughout life?
Many types of plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
When do most types of animal cells differentiate
At an early stage of development.
What can embryonic stem cells (from human embryos) and adult stem cells (from adult bone marrow) do
They can be cloned and made to differentiate into different types of cell
What conditions may treatment with stem cells be able to help
Paralysis and diabetes
What are stem cells from plant meristems used for
To produce new plant clones quickly and economically for research, horticulture and agriculture
Stem cells produced from therapeutic cloning are not rejected and are used for medical treatment
Why are the stem cells not rejected
In therapeutic cloning An embryo is produced with the same genes as the Patient.
