B2 - Cell Division Flashcards
What happens in the cell cycle?
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
What happens during interphase?
- Cell grows bigger and increases their mass and carry out normal cell activities.
- Replicate their DNA to form two copies of each chromosome ready for cell division.
- Increase the number of sub-cellular structures (mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts)
What happens during mitosis?
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides.
What happens during cytokinesis?
- Cytoplasm and the cell membranes also divide to form two identical daughter cells.
How are cells genetically identical to the parent?
- As they are created by mitosis.
How does mitosis take place in plant cells?
- Takes place in the meristems found inn the shoot and root tips.
- Many types of plant cells retain the ability to differentiate throughout life.
When do cells in an animal start to differentiate?
- Early stage of development.
Where do embryonic stem cells come from and what can they do?
- Human embryos.
- Can be cloned and made to differentiate into many different types of cell.
Where do adult stem cells come from and what can they do?
- Adult bone marrow.
- Can be cloned and made to differentiate into many different types of cell.
What can stem cells help with?
- May be able to help conditions such as paralysis and diabetes.
What are stem cells from meristems used for?
- Used to produce new plant clones quickly and economically for research, horticulture and agriculture.
What happens in therapeutic cloning?
- Embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient so the stem cells produced are not rejected and may be used for medical treatment.
What can be some problems with the use of stem cells?
- Potential risks.
- Some people have ethical or religious objections.
