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Biology - 1 Cells and Organisation > B1 - Cell Structure and Transport > Flashcards

B1 - Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the magnification Triangle?

A

Image Size on Top (I)
Magnification on bottom (m)
Real object on bottom (R)

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2
Q

What is found in an Animal Cell?

A

Cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm.

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3
Q

What is found in most/all plant cells?

A

Cellulose cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts and a permanent vacuole filled with sap.

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4
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A
  • Controls all the activities of the cell.
  • Contains all the genetic information that is needed to build new cells or organisms.
  • Average Diameter is around 10 nanometers.
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5
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A
  • A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place.
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6
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A
  • Controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell.
  • Controls the movement of substances such as urea or hormones out of the cell.
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7
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  • Where aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm.

- Release energy for the cell.

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A
  • Where protein synthesis takes place, making all the proteins needed in the cell.
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9
Q

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall?

A
  • Strengthens the cell and gives it support.
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10
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A
  • Found in the green parts of the plant.
  • Chlorophyll give them the green colour.
  • Absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis.
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11
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A
  • Space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap.

- Important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.

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12
Q

What are the features of a eukaryotic cell?

A
  • Cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
  • Animals, plants, fungi and Protista are all eukaryotes.
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13
Q

What are the features of a prokaryotic cell?

A
  • Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm.
  • Genetic material isn’t in a distinct nucleus - forming ga singular DNA loop.
  • Prokaryotes may contain one or more small era rings of DNA called plasmids.
  • Bacteria are prokaryotes.
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14
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A
  • Carry electrical impulses around the body of an animal.

- Provide a rapid communication system between the different parts of the body.

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15
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell?

A
  • Specialist cells that can contract and relax.

- Striated muscle cells work together in tissues called muscles.

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16
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A
  • Released a long time from the egg they are going to fertilise.
  • Contain the genetic material from the male parent.
17
Q

What happens as an organism develops?

A
  • Cells differentiate to form different types of cells.
18
Q

What happens as an animal cell differentiates to form a specialised cell?

A
  • It acquires different sub cellular structures to enable it to carry out a certain function.
19
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A
  • Help plants to take in water and mineral ions more efficiently.
  • Mostly relatively close to the xylem cells.
20
Q

What is the function of a photosynthetic cell?

A
  • Can help plants make their own food by using photosynthesis.
21
Q

What is the function of a xylem cell?

A
  • Transport plant that carries water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots.
  • Important in supporting the plant.
22
Q

What is the function of a phloem cell?

A
  • Carries the food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant.
  • Phloem cells don’t become lignified and die.
23
Q

What are plant cells specialised for?

A
  • To carry out a particular function.
24
Q

What is diffusion?

A
  • Diffusion is the spreading out of any substance, in solution or a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
25
Q

How is the rate of diffusion affected?

A
  • Difference in concentrations, the temperature and the available surface area.
26
Q

What is osmosis?

A
  • The movement of water from a dilute to a more concentrated solute solution across a partially permeable membrane which allows water to pass through.
27
Q

What is a dilute solution of sugar?

A
  • Contains a high concentration of water and a low concentration of sugar.
28
Q

What is a concentrated solution of sugar?

A
  • Contains a low concentration of water and a high concentration of sugar.
29
Q

What is meant by the term isotonic?

A
  • Where the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration.
30
Q

What is meant by the term hypertonic?

A
  • Where the concentration of solutes in the solution outside of the cell is higher than the internal concentration.
31
Q

What is meant by the term hypotonic?

A
  • Where the concentration of solutes in the solution outside of the cell is lower than the internal concentration.
32
Q

Why is osmosis important in plants?

A
  • To maintain turgor in the plant cells.
33
Q

What is active transport?

A
  • Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient.
34
Q

How does active transport use energy?

A
  • Energy released from food in respiration to provide the energy required.
35
Q

How does active transport allow root hair cells in plants to work?

A
  • Absorbs mineral ions required for healthy growth from very dilute solution in the soil against a concentration gradient.
36
Q

How does active transport molecules allow sugar molecules to work?

A
  • Used for cell respiration to be absorbed from lower concentrations in the gut into the blood where there is higher concentration of sugar is higher.
37
Q

What are the features of a single celled organism?

A
  • Relatively large surface area to volume ratio so all necessary changes with the environment take place over this surface.
38
Q

What are the features of a multicellular organism?

A
  • Many organs are specialised with effective exchange surfaces.

Biology - 1 Cells and Organisation (5 decks)

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